{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:48:29Z","timestamp":1760057309693,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]],"date-time":"2025-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background and aims: Long COVID symptoms persist globally, with a notable rise in cardiovascular disease (CVD) among COVID-19 survivors, including those without prior risk factors or hospitalizations. This study aims to identify predictors of cardiovascular-related Long COVID symptoms. Methods: This study included subjects with post-SARS-CoV-2 infections, categorizing them into three groups: non-Long COVID (non-LC), Long COVID (LC), and Long COVID with cardiovascular symptoms (cardio-LC) as part of the Polish Long COVID Cardiovascular (PoLoCOV-CVD) study collected between the years 2020 and 2022, comprising 4000 participants. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to report the prevalence and determinants of quality of life in cardio-LC, based on patient self-reported data including comorbidities and medications. Results: Of the 704 patients analyzed, 71.9% were female with a median age of 54 years (IQR: 45\u201364). Cardio-LC patients had statistically significant differences relative to the non-LC group in terms of blood pressure, elevated LDL cholesterol (p = 0.010), and non-HDL cholesterol (p = 0.013). In addition, cardio-LC patients were more likely to be female (p &lt; 0.001) who exhibited psychological conditions, such as sleep disturbances (p &lt; 0.001), anxiety (p &lt; 0.001), and depression (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the non-LC group. However, the multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that only the female gender and sleep disturbances remained an independent predictor associated with cardio-LC (OR: 1.66, CI 1.12\u20132.46; OR: 1.742, CI 1.12\u20132.70) compared to participants without Long COVID. Conclusions: The significant positive association of female gender and sleep disturbances with cardiovascular complications during Long COVID highlights critical demographic and psychological factors that deserve attention in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T05:55:22Z","timestamp":1738648522000},"page":"956","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Predictors of Cardiovascular Symptoms Among Long COVID Patients: Data from the Polish Long COVID Cardiovascular (PoLoCOV-CVD) Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5082-3641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kapusta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siamala","family":"Sinnadurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pathology & Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion at the School of Public Health Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7719-6959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mateusz","family":"Babicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-141 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2335-3293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017baneta","family":"Ka\u0142uzi\u0144ska-Ko\u0142at","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wouter C.","family":"Meijers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-3796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"Ko\u0142at","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2202-7314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier C.","family":"Manintveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6223-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Jankowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion at the School of Public Health Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8805-9688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Chudzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, 00-416 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-549 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12839","article-title":"Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review","volume":"324","author":"Wiersinga","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01909-w","article-title":"Symptoms and risk factors for long COVID in non-hospitalized adults","volume":"28","author":"Subramanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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