{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:05:45Z","timestamp":1790730345253,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"\u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Bitot\u2019s spots, defined as white foamy triangular or round-shaped spots with the base located at the temporal limbus and the apex towards the lateral canthus, were initially associated with vitamin A deficiency (VAD). More recently, Bitot\u2019s spots were also described in patients with normal vitamin A levels, associated with aniridia, dry-eye syndrome and post-thermal or chemical injury, as well as the usage of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) eyedrops. The aim of this article is to present the management of Bitot-like spots in a patient with congenital aniridia. Methods: An 8-year-old female patient with type 1 congenital aniridia, glaucoma, cataract, strabismus, congenital nistagmus and aniridia-associated keratopathy presented with changes in conjunctival appearance. The ophthalmological examination revealed Bitot-like spots with a foamy appearance, triangular shape, temporal location and proximity to the limbus. Further investigations were required in order to identify the cause of Bitot-like spots. Vitamin D deficiency, dry-eye syndrome, birch and Phleum genus pollen allergy were diagnosed. The patient underwent oral medication with vitamin D and topical treatment with steroids eye solution, preservative-free artificial tears and vitamin A ointment. Results: After three months of treatment, we observed the disappearance of the Bitot-like spots. Conclusions: Congenital aniridia, but also its complications such as glaucoma, dry-eye syndrome and the use of benzalkonium chloride topical medication, increases the risk of Bitot-like spots.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T05:55:22Z","timestamp":1738648522000},"page":"987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bitot-like Spots and Congenital Aniridia: A Case Report"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4950-9962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Mocanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Emergency Children\u2019s Hospital Louis Turcanu, 300011 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Ophthalmo-ENT Tumor Sensory Research Center (EYE ENT), \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca","family":"Horhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Pediatric Surgery, Emergency Children\u2019s Hospital Louis Turcanu, 300011 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Functional Sciences, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Center for Modeling Biological Systems and Data Analysis, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florin-Raul","family":"Horhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, 300006 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Poenaru-Sava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.02.011","article-title":"Congenital aniridia\u2014A comprehensive review of clinical features and therapeutic approaches","volume":"66","author":"Landsend","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surv. 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Clin."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/3\/987\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:26:36Z","timestamp":1760027196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/3\/987"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14030987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14030987","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]}}}