{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:49:33Z","timestamp":1760057373542,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: To investigate the value of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), D-Lactate, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), electrolytes and creatinine in athletes with lower gastrointestinal symptoms in a cohort of ultra-trailers. Methods: This is a prospective study set in the ultra-trail of Puy Mary Aurillac, a 105 km race. Athletes included were given two questionnaires to collect demographic data and clinical signs related to the race. Blood samples were also collected before and 1 h after the race. Biomarker results were interpreted according to the occurrence of exercise-induced lower gastrointestinal symptoms, and whether the race was completed or forfeited. Results: Of the 76 runners included, 35 (45.5%) presented lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Runners that presented these symptoms had significantly higher IL-10 concentrations (8.7 pg\/mL (interquartile range (IQR): 4.2\u20131.6)) when compared to runners without symptoms (4.8 pg\/mL (IQR: 2.4\u20139)) (p = 0.01). The pre\/post-race amplitude of IL-1Ra variation was greater in the group of runners with lower gastrointestinal symptoms (median: +231% (IQR: 169\u2013551)) compared to runners without symptoms (median: +172% (IQR: 91\u2013393)) (p = 0.04). Finally, the 13 (16.9%) runners who forfeited the race displayed lower AST (p &lt; 0.001), LDH (p = 0.002) and IL-6 (p = 0.002) concentrations, compared to runners who finished the race. These lower concentrations were independent from running time. Conclusions: IL-10 and IL-1Ra could be associated with the occurrence of lower gastrointestinal symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14031024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]],"date-time":"2025-02-06T04:47:31Z","timestamp":1738817251000},"page":"1024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Study of Blood Biomarkers in Athletes with Lower Gastrointestinal Symptoms After an Ultra-Trail Race"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Teyssier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, Clermont-Ferrand Teaching Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Perbet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department, Clermont-Ferrand Teaching Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3778-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand Teaching Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bergzoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Renaison Clinic, 42300 Roanne, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Kuentz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Aurillac Hospital, 15000 Aurillac, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4237-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Durif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, Clermont-Ferrand Teaching Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7452-315X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincent","family":"Sapin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, Clermont-Ferrand Teaching Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8121-1680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthieu","family":"Jabaudon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Critical Care Department, Clermont-Ferrand Teaching Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2707-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damien","family":"Bouvier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry and Molecular Genetic Department, Clermont-Ferrand Teaching Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2021-0362","article-title":"Performance Determinants in Trail-Running Races of Different Distances","volume":"17","author":"Pastor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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