{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:53Z","timestamp":1787028653832,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Advances in interventional cardiology have significantly broadened the range of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) amenable to trans-catheter interventions. Trans-oesophageal echocardiography (TOE) plays a pivotal role as a procedural guide in several percutaneous treatments. Enhanced imaging modalities and technological innovations in echocardiography have refined the precision and applicability of these approaches. This review explores the role, impact, and advancements of TOE in trans-catheter treatments for adult CHDs, including both common procedures (e.g., atrial septal defect closure, ventricular septal defect closure) and less frequent interventions (e.g., Mustard\/Senning baffle leak closure, Fontan conduit fenestration, ruptured sinus of Valsalva embolization).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T05:04:33Z","timestamp":1738904673000},"page":"1049","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Role of Trans-Oesophageal Echocardiography in the Interventional Cardiology of Adult Congenital Heart Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0583-5221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Giordano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology Division, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Scognamiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Disease Division, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0016-0966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianpiero","family":"Gaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology Division, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0794-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaella","family":"Marzullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology Division, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Palma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Disease Division, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6380-073X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaria","family":"Barracano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Disease Division, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Disease Division, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nunzia","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Disease Division, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1699-5255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Sperlongano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3802-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Cimmino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Division, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4907-4295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Cardiology Division, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9941-8500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Berardo","family":"Sarubbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Congenital Heart Disease Division, Monaldi Hospital, AORN Ospedali dei Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15955","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15955","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Transthoracic Versus 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