{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T23:42:41Z","timestamp":1782776561821,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective: The canalis sinuosus in the premaxillary region often has accessory canals palatal to the central and lateral incisors. These small anatomical structures are of increasing interest due to numerous case reports of postoperative complications following surgery in the upper anterior region. Methods: This study examined the number, position, and extent of the accessory foramina of the canalis sinuosus in 210 patients. Furthermore, this study examined the distances to neighboring teeth and to the buccal cortical bone in edentulous patients. Three-dimensional tomographic (CBCT) images were created with a resolution of 0.2 voxels and were evaluated using the Osirix MD 11.0 program. Results: The results showed a prevalence of 97% for accessory foramina, confirming them as a clear anatomical structure. Males had significantly more terminal openings of the canalis sinuosus than females, with clustering in the fourth to sixth decades of life. The foramina had a mean extension of 0.9 mm and a mean distance of 4.6 mm to adjacent teeth. Conclusions: This narrow position is particularly relevant for surgical procedures. Greater attention should be focused on larger foramina in implant planning, as postoperative complications are increasingly being described. Foramina and accessory canals should be detected in three-dimensional, navigated implant planning in order to minimize the risk of injury during oral surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T03:39:47Z","timestamp":1739158787000},"page":"1083","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["CBCT-Based Morphological Study of the Accessory Foramina of the Canalis Sinuosus: Prevalence, Morphological Variants, and Significance for Implant Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3593-7074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigmar","family":"Schnutenhaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Dental Medicine Prof. Dr. Schnutenhaus, 78247 Hilzingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Heckemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Dentistry, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Ulm University Hospital, 89081 Ulm, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"G\u00f6tz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Oral Biology, Center for Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3678-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constanze","family":"Olms","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Dental Practice of the Specialist Dentists Olms, 29410 Salzwedel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.5624\/isd.2017.47.2.69","article-title":"Evaluation of the morphology of the canalis sinuosus using cone-beam computed tomography in patients with maxillary impacted canines","volume":"47","author":"Gurler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Imaging Sci. 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