{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:20:45Z","timestamp":1791555645887,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Grade I-II blunt traumatic aortic injuries (BTAIs) are typically managed conservatively, but their long-term progression is poorly understood. Chronic pseudoaneurysms may develop years after the injury, often remaining asymptomatic and being incidentally diagnosed. Methods: Two cases of post-traumatic aortic pseudoaneurysms, detected 20 and 25 years following conservatively managed BTAIs, are reported. Additionally, a comprehensive review of all post-traumatic pseudoaneurysms reported in the MedLine (PubMed.gov, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health) database between January 1984 and December 2024 was performed. Results: Both our patients underwent successful hybrid procedures, with no complications at the 1- and 4-year follow-ups. Our literature review identified 37 patients across 22 studies, with 32.4% presenting asymptomatically or incidentally diagnosed through routine imaging, between 1 month and 50 years after the initial trauma. In 37.8% of cases, the patients underwent open or endovascular repair. Conclusions: This case series and literature review emphasize the importance of long-term follow-up for patients with conservatively managed BTAIs, as chronic complications such as aortic pseudoaneurysms can arise decades later. Continuous surveillance is critical to ensure early detection and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T04:44:03Z","timestamp":1739162643000},"page":"1133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic Post-Traumatic Aortic Isthmus Pseudoaneurysm After Conservative Management of Grade II Injury: Why Is Continuous Follow-Up Mandatory?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4459-9687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona","family":"Sica","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2212-3226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Tinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2422-5517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ottavia","family":"Borghese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manav","family":"Dimri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8820-4844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"May","family":"Dvir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6555-6574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Minelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0755-4933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Rizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Cardiology, Ospedale del Cuore, Fondazione Toscana \u201cG. Monasterio\u201d, 56100 Massa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piergiorgio","family":"Bruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Massetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7304-7553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yamume","family":"Tshomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Vascular Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.11.052","article-title":"Functional and survival outcomes in traumatic blunt thoracic aortic injuries: An analysis of the National Trauma Databank","volume":"49","author":"Andersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Vasc. 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