{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T14:34:02Z","timestamp":1773498842964,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the HLA alloreactivity of cold-stored saphenous vein allografts (CSVAs) by identifying the production of HLA donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) in the recipient. The secondary objective was to evaluate CSVA rejection-related complications, such as CSVA thrombosis and\/or aneurysmal degeneration in the recipient. Methods: This was a single-center, prospective, experimental before-and-after study which included participants undergoing CSVA placement, either to create a vascular access (VA) for hemodialysis or to create a lower limb arterial bypass. On Day 1, before CSVA placement, total blood samples were taken for HLA typing by sequence-specific primers (SSPs) and anti-HLA antibody detection using a Luminex assay. One month after CSVA placement, a second blood sample was taken to assess the appearance of donor-specific antibodies or an increase in the level of anti-HLA antibodies. Patency of the CSVA and potential aneurysmal degeneration were evaluated at 3 and 6 months with a Doppler ultrasound checkup. Results: From September 2022 to November 2023, 45 patients were included (30 men, 67%; mean age: 71 \u00b1 12 years). One month after CSVA placement, no appearance of de novo anti-HLA antibody was detected in anti-HLA antibody-negative patients at inclusion (n = 28). Among the patients who already had anti-HLA antibodies at inclusion (n = 17), no increase in anti-HLA antibody levels or appearance of de novo anti-HLA antibodies was detected. Conclusions: This prospective study evaluating the immunogenicity of CSVAs through the appearance of anti-HLA antibodies one month after placement demonstrates that they do not seem to induce any HLA alloreactivity. Therefore, they may be used without the risk of HLA immunization in patients awaiting organ transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T04:03:35Z","timestamp":1739419415000},"page":"1224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prospective Study of Recipient Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Alloimmunization Following the Use of Cold-Stored Saphenous Vein Allografts in Vascular Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5790-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa Madeleine","family":"Faure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Nimes University Hospital, 30900 Nimes, France"},{"name":"UR-UM 103 IMAGINE, University of Nimes, 30900 Nimes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9299-3705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal","family":"Pedini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire D\u2019immunog\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Histocompatibilit\u00e9, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang PACC, 13009 Marseille, France"},{"name":"ADES UMR 7268, Aix Marseille University, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang PACC, 13009 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Bouchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire D\u2019immunog\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Histocompatibilit\u00e9, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang PACC, 13009 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Branchereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Nimes University Hospital, 30900 Nimes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catalin","family":"Cosma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Nimes University Hospital, 30900 Nimes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Nimes University Hospital, 30900 Nimes, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire D\u2019immunog\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Histocompatibilit\u00e9, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang PACC, 13009 Marseille, France"},{"name":"ADES UMR 7268, Aix Marseille University, Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang PACC, 13009 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.03.450","article-title":"Vascular Low-Frequency Disease Consortium. Cryopreserved venous allograft is an acceptable conduit in patients with current or prior angioaccess graft infection","volume":"66","author":"Lawrence","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2018.10.111","article-title":"Peripheral artery reconstructions using cryopreserved arterial allografts in infected fields","volume":"70","author":"Furlough","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2020.12.070","article-title":"Long-term results of cryopreserved allografts in aortoiliac graft infections","volume":"74","author":"Weiss","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2019.10.016","article-title":"Editor\u2019s Choice\u2014European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Vascular Graft and Endograft Infections","volume":"59","author":"Chakfe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2001.114206","article-title":"Use of cryopreserved cadaveric vein allograft for hemodialysis access precludes kidney transplantation because of allosensitization","volume":"34","author":"Benedetto","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(02)00894-2","article-title":"Management of infected hemodialysis access grafts using cryopreserved human vein allografts","volume":"184","author":"Lin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12308","article-title":"Vessel rejection secondary to human leucocyte antigen antibodies directed against the arterial conduit following pancreas transplantation from a separate donor","volume":"27","author":"Mittal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TP.0000131907.10838.E1","article-title":"Salvage of compromised renal vessels in kidney transplantation using third-party cadaveric extenders: Impact on posttransplant anti-HLA antibody formation","volume":"77","author":"Goel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3443","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16009","article-title":"Third-party vessel allografts in kidney and pancreas transplantation: Utilization, de novo DSAs, and outcomes","volume":"20","author":"Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12831","article-title":"Non-HLA-matched 3rd party vascular allograft in renal transplant may lead to sensitization against donor HLA","volume":"30","author":"Watson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-200203150-00029","article-title":"Sensitization of renal transplant candidates by cryopreserved cadaveric venous or arterial allografts","volume":"73","author":"Sanders","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-2815.2004.00236.x","article-title":"Donor-specific sensitization by cadaveric venous allografts used for arterial reconstruction in peripheral arterial occlusive vascular disease","volume":"64","author":"Balzer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-1345(01)02898-6","article-title":"Immune response after cryopreserved aortic allograft replacement for major vascular infection","volume":"34","author":"Gabriel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2006.01711.x","article-title":"Extremely high association between appearance of HLA antibodies and failure of kidney grafts in a five-year longitudinal study","volume":"7","author":"Mao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009101065","article-title":"Preexisting donor-specific HLA antibodies predict outcome in kidney transplantation","volume":"21","author":"Lefaucheur","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.07.014","article-title":"Isolated Pre-existing HLA-DP Donor-Specific Antibodies are Associated With Poorer Outcomes in Renal Transplantation","volume":"7","author":"Seitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Rep."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gay, M., L\u00f3pez-Mart\u00ednez, R., Busto-Su\u00e1rez, S., Riedemann-Wistuba, M.E., Men\u00e9ndez-Herrero, M.\u00c1., \u00c1lvarez-Marcos, F., Alonso-P\u00e9rez, M., and Alonso-Arias, R. (2020). Immunological Aspects Involved in the Degeneration of Cryopreserved Arterial Allografts. Front. Surg., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2020.616654"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.08.100","article-title":"Regarding \u201cCryopreserved venous allograft is an acceptable conduit in patients with current or prior angioaccess graft infection\u201d","volume":"67","author":"Sadaghianloo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"585","article-title":"Int\u00e9r\u00eat du greffon veineux saph\u00e8ne conserv\u00e9 pour la cr\u00e9ation de voies d\u2019abord chez les h\u00e9modialys\u00e9s: \u00c0 propos de 309 cas","volume":"13","author":"Schneider","year":"2003","journal-title":"Progr\u00e8s Urol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.5301\/jva.5000062","article-title":"Allogenous Vein Graft as Vascular Access for Hemodialysis\u2014Lost Battle?","volume":"13","author":"Gorun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Access."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2015.04.437","article-title":"Outcomes of cold-stored venous allograft for below-knee bypasses in patients with critical limb ischemia","volume":"62","author":"Ziza","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2024.04.042","article-title":"Outcomes of Cold Stored Saphenous Vein Allografts for Haemodialysis Vascular Access","volume":"68","author":"Cherkaoui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(05)80226-6","article-title":"The results of denatured homologous vein grafts as conduits for secondary haemodialysis access surgery","volume":"9","author":"Heintjes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-4804(82)90094-4","article-title":"Endothelial integrity after venous cryopreservation","volume":"32","author":"Sach","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"811","article-title":"Even short-term storage in physiological saline solution impairs endothelial vascular function of saphenous vein grafts","volume":"40","author":"Wilbring","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2015.03.036","article-title":"Preservation solution impacts physiologic function and cellular viability of human saphenous vein graft","volume":"158","author":"Wise","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2018.02.001","article-title":"Editor\u2019s Choice\u2014Vascular Access: 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS)","volume":"55","author":"Schmidli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp233","article-title":"Pre-kidney-transplant blood transfusions do not improve transplantation outcome: A Dutch national study","volume":"24","author":"Aalten","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.07.030","article-title":"Transfusion-induced HLA sensitization in wait-list patients and kidney transplant recipients","volume":"106","author":"Willicombe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00700117","article-title":"Donor-Specific Antibodies in Kidney Transplant Recipients","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03840.x","article-title":"Understanding the causes of kidney transplant failure: The dominant role of antibody-mediated rejection and nonadherence","volume":"12","author":"Mengel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12589","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of antibody-mediated rejection: Current status and novel approaches","volume":"14","author":"Djamali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"873","article-title":"Immune response to the long-term grafting of cryopreserved small-diameter arterial allografts","volume":"27","author":"Pascual","year":"2012","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ezad327","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezad327","article-title":"Endothelial damage inhibitor preserves the integrity of venous endothelial cells from patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery","volume":"64","author":"Thau","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496918783728","article-title":"Cold-Stored Venous Allografts in Different Preserving Solutions: A Study on Changes in Vein Wall Morphology","volume":"108","author":"Aavik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(05)80279-8","article-title":"Endothelial cell injury secondary to surgical preparation of reversed and in situ saphenous vein bypass grafts","volume":"6","author":"Sayer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_37","first-page":"177","article-title":"Greffons saph\u00e8nes conserv\u00e9s en h\u00e9modialyse. Vingt ans d\u2019exp\u00e9rience","volume":"15","author":"Bonnaud","year":"1994","journal-title":"N\u00e9phrologie"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2004.08.009","article-title":"Meta-analysis of allograft bypass grafting to infrapopliteal arteries","volume":"28","author":"Albers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32473-5","article-title":"Contribution of non-HLA incompatibility between donor and recipient to kidney allograft survival: Genome-wide analysis in a prospective cohort","volume":"393","author":"Heinzel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/4\/1224\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:32:39Z","timestamp":1760027559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/4\/1224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14041224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14041224","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]}}}