{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:37:24Z","timestamp":1791005844014,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739404800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction\/Objective: The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and overweight is complex and multifaceted, as these conditions can interact in terms of symptoms, severity and clinical management. To analyse the clinical and therapeutic management of patients suffering from COPD and overweight. Methods: This systematic review was carried out, in accordance with the PRISMA statement, during November 2024, following a search of the Medline\/PubMed databases. The search equation used, with MESH descriptors, was: \u201c(Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive OR COPD) AND (obesity OR overweight)\u201d. Both inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, focusing on the selection of clinical trials. The studies were classified into two main groups: by their focus on the relationship between overweight\/obesity and COPD; and by the benefits provided by physical exercise to patients with these conditions. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed on the data obtained. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42024576389). Results: The search produced nine relevant clinical trials with a total of 1345 COPD patients. Four of the trials incorporated obesity (BMI \u2265 30) as an inclusion criterion, while the other five had mixed samples, with patients presenting either overweight or obesity (four patients with BMI \u2265 25 and one with BMI \u2265 27). The risk of bias tool for randomised trials showed that all nine studies had a low risk of bias. Overall, these studies highlight the importance of overweight management and reject the use of extreme measures. Furthermore, they confirm the association between overweight\/obesity and COPD, for which this condition is a risk factor, to a degree depending on the BMI. Four studies reported significant improvements in the clinical management of COPD patients following appropriate physical exercise. Specifically, one study observed that supervised exercise improved cardio-vascular performance; another, that observed that aquatic exercise increased maximal capacity, endurance and quality of life; another, that found cycling improved ventilatory performance; and the fourth, that observed exercise complementary to standard therapy in hospitalised obese COPD patients improved strength, exercise capacity and other perceived variables such as anxiety, mobility and dyspnoea. Conclusions: The therapeutic management of overweight COPD patients should include weight control, physical exercise and appropriate pharmacological treatment. Physical exercise is associated with improvements in endurance, exercise capacity, cardio-vascular performance, ventilatory performance and strength. In addition, the participants in these studies self-perceived clinical improvement. These findings justify the performance of further RCTs examining the role of physical exercise in patients with COPD and overweight\/obesity, in order to improve their clinical outcomes and quality of life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]],"date-time":"2025-02-13T05:10:22Z","timestamp":1739423422000},"page":"1230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Therapeutic Management in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Who Are Overweight or Obese: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Chami-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Salud Ronda Norte, AGS Serran\u00eda de M\u00e1laga, Andalusian Health Service, 29400 Ronda, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Caballero-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Lung Cancer Unit, Broncopleural Techniques and Interventional Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9","family":"Mebrive-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Cortadura del Valle s\/n, 51001 Ceuta, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"G\u00f3mez-Urquiza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Cortadura del Valle s\/n, 51001 Ceuta, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5310-9638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 L.","family":"Romero-Bejar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Granada, Av. de Fuente Nueva, s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3425-7758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio M.","family":"Caballero-Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Andalusian Health Service, Av. del Conocimiento s\/n, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Santa Ana Hospital, Andalusian Health Service, Av. Enrique Mart\u00edn Cuevas, s\/n, 18600 Motril, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3012-3410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo A.","family":"Ca\u00f1adas-De la Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Av. Ilustraci\u00f3n 60, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Brain, Mind and Behaviour Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s\/n, 18011 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2024, September 03). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (2025, January 30). Global Strategy for Prevention, Diagnosis and Management of COPD: 2024 Report. Available online: https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/2024-gold-report\/."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"WHO (2024, September 03). Obesity and Overweight. 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