{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T01:22:48Z","timestamp":1791595368931,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The objective of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as primary prophylaxis in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) undergoing intensive chemotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 112 AML patients treated with intensive chemotherapy at Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata in Rome between January 2014 and March 2024. Patients were divided into G-CSF and non-G-CSF (nG-CSF) groups. We assessed the incidence of neutropenia, its severity and duration; duration of hospitalization and its costs; incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) and septic shock; duration of antibiotic therapy (ABT) and antifungal therapy (AFT); complete remission (CR) rates; measurable residual disease (MRD) status; relapse rates; and outcomes. Results: G-CSF administration significantly reduced the duration of neutropenia (median 14 vs. 18 days, p &lt; 0.05) and length of hospitalization (median 28 vs. 35 days, p &lt; 0.05), in both induction and consolidation therapy. There were no significant differences in CR rates (73% vs. 67%, p = 0.64), MRD negativity achievement (52% vs. 48%, p = 0.68), leukemia relapse rates (43% vs. 62%, p = 0.14), or overall survival (OS) (median 16.7 vs. 12.3 months, p = 0.3) between G-CSF and nG-CSF groups. Thanks to a shorter hospitalization, the use of G-CSF led to \u20ac300,000 in savings over the last 4 years. Conclusions: Our findings support the safety of G-CSF in AML patients, demonstrating no adverse impact on treatment response. G-CSF abbreviated the duration of neutropenia and hospitalization, highlighting its potential clinical and cost-effective role in AML treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T03:20:52Z","timestamp":1739503252000},"page":"1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Use of Primary Prophylaxis with G-CSF in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Undergoing Intensive Chemotherapy Does Not Affect Quality of Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9116-503X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Mezzanotte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8944-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovangiacinto","family":"Paterno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Cerroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucrezia","family":"De Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Taka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3478-5083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Buzzatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Mallegni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Meddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Moretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4320-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Buccisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Maurillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6829-5544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmelo","family":"Gurnari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0245-0553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriano","family":"Venditti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3958-0669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Ilaria","family":"Del Principe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"849","article-title":"Economic and Clinical Burden of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Episodes of Care in the United States: A Retrospective Analysis of a Commercial Payer Database","volume":"26","author":"Pandya","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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