{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:15:22Z","timestamp":1788869722776,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"King Salman Center for Disability Research","award":["KSRG-2024-019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSRG-2024-019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the unidimensionality and internal structure of the Arabic version of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in patients with lower back pain (LBP) using the Rasch measurement model. Methods: Patients with LBP (N = 113) completed the Arabic ODI during their first visit to physical therapy departments. The Arabic ODI was examined by assessing its fit to the requirements of the Rasch measurement model. Chi-square statistics for item\u2013trait interaction alongside mean item and person fit residuals were used for overall model fit assessment. Additionally, the analysis included assessments for the fit of individual items, the sequence of thresholds, local dependency, unidimensionality using the t-test method, and differential item functioning (DIF) by sex, age, chronicity, and the presence of radiating pain. Results: The overall fit of the Arabic ODI to the Rasch measurement model was supported by non-significant Chi-square statistics (\u03c72 = 25.32, p = 0.19) and acceptable mean item and person fit residuals. All items showed acceptable fit (standardized fit residual \u22121.89 to 1.62) with no violation of local item independence. The t-test method supported the scale\u2019s unidimensionality. The ODI showed good internal consistency with a person separation index of 0.85, with good overall targeting of item thresholds to the participants\u2019 lower back function. Items 2, 7, and 10 showed disordered thresholds, and potential bias by sex was detected in item 9 (social life). Conclusions: The Arabic ODI is a unidimensional measure valid for assessing disability due to low back pain; however, indications of the inappropriate functioning of some response options along with potential bias by sex need to be revisited.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T04:48:51Z","timestamp":1739508531000},"page":"1259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Rasch Measurement Model Supports the Unidimensionality and Internal Structure of the Arabic Oswestry Disability Index"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1946-0739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali H.","family":"Alnahdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11614, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9891-3390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman M.","family":"Alsubiheen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5168-1975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mishal M.","family":"Aldaihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"King Salman Center for Disability Research, Riyadh 11614, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Low Back Pain Collaborators (2023). Global, regional, and national burden of low back pain, 1990\u20132020, its attributable risk factors, and projections to 2050: A systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Rheumatol, 5, e316\u2013e329."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborator (2024). Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990\u20132021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. 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