{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T14:52:58Z","timestamp":1789051978679,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study aimed to explore the demographic and clinical features of tinnitus individuals and analyse its correlation with associated comorbidities. Methods: The study population comprised 147 participants (66 men, 81 women; median age: 52 years) who experienced persistent tinnitus. Comprehensive assessments were carried out, including audiological examinations, scoring using the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, and thorough medical evaluations. Statistical analyses were applied to explore the correspondences between tinnitus, hearing loss, and various comorbidities, including cardiovascular conditions, metabolic disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, autoimmune diseases, pulmonary diseases, and allergic rhinitis. Results: The analysis indicated a slight predominance of females, comprising 55.1% of the participants, with a median onset of tinnitus around the age of 50. Chronic tinnitus was noted, lasting approximately 46 months. Hearing loss was noted in 52.4% of patients, with bilateral tinnitus being the most prevalent type, affecting 44.2% of individuals. Dyslipidaemia was found to significantly predict bilateral tinnitus (p = 0.003*) and left-sided tinnitus (p = 0.023*). Additionally, atherosclerosis was associated with hearing impairment (p = 0.006*) and right-sided tinnitus (p = 0.044*). Dyslipidaemia was also significantly correlated with elevated intensity values (p = 0.04*). Furthermore, atherosclerosis was significantly associated with higher levels of hearing loss (p &lt; 0.00001*). Conclusions: The study emphasises the complex nature of tinnitus and its links to cardiovascular, metabolic, and other comorbidities, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive, interdisciplinary management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T03:41:47Z","timestamp":1739763707000},"page":"1285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Tinnitus and Its Comorbidities: A Comprehensive Analysis of Their Relationships"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3024-6197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefani","family":"Maihoub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maihoub ENT Clinic; Aliakmona Street 16, Cy-3117 Limassol, Cyprus"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panayiota","family":"Mavrogeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"T\u00f3th Ilona Health Service Clinical Medical Institute; G\u00f6rgey Art\u00far t\u00e9r 8, H-1212 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikt\u00f3ria","family":"Moln\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University; Szigony u. 36, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4417-5166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e1s","family":"Moln\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Protone Audio Kft., Opera Clinic; L\u00e1z\u00e1r u. 4, H-1065 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2016.10.004","article-title":"An Integrative Tinnitus Model Based on Sensory Precision","volume":"39","author":"Sedley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ald\u00e8, M., Cantarella, G., Zanetti, D., Pignataro, L., La Mantia, I., Maiolino, L., Ferlito, S., Di Mauro, P., Cocuzza, S., and Lechien, J.R. 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