{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T13:37:56Z","timestamp":1792244276855,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]],"date-time":"2025-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spinal cord infarction (SCI) of arterial origin is a rare vascular event, and its incidence is probably underestimated. There are no strong epidemiological data, and the diagnostic pathway is complex and sometimes incomplete. Furthermore, many cases may be misdiagnosed as other forms of acute and subacute myelopathies. The focus of this review is the clinical and neuroradiological issues in diagnosing SCI and their respective reliability in a clinical setting. The new proposed diagnostic criteria of SCI, although not covering all aspects, highlight the need for a comprehensive approach, including even atypical cases, as the lack of cord compression on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the only mandatory feature for diagnosis. Some MRI features are supportive of the diagnosis, particularly when the anterior spinal artery territory is involved and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is used. Several etiologies can be considered, considering traditional vascular risk factors and diseases affecting the aorta and its main branches, yet a significant proportion of cases remain without a definite etiology. The strongest predictor of SCI diagnosis is a clinical variable, i.e., a time to nadir of severe deficits &lt; 12 h.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T03:41:47Z","timestamp":1739763707000},"page":"1293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Spinal Cord Infarction: Clinical and Neuroradiological Clues of a Rare Stroke Subtype"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7530-818X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marialuisa","family":"Zedde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione Neurologia di Emergenza Urgenza (ANEU), 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5944-2984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"De Falco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Stroke Unit, Ospedale del Mare, ASL Napoli 1 Centro, 80147 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione Neurologia di Emergenza Urgenza (ANEU), 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Zanferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and Stroke Unit, ASST Melegnano-Martesana, 20070 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione Neurologia di Emergenza Urgenza (ANEU), 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Guarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto Delle Scienze Neurologiche Di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione Neurologia di Emergenza Urgenza (ANEU), 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Romana","family":"Pezzella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stroke Unit, Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione Neurologia di Emergenza Urgenza (ANEU), 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5569-4121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalom","family":"Haggiag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, 00152 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione Neurologia di Emergenza Urgenza (ANEU), 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Cossu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, ARNAS Brotzu, 09047 Cagliari, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione Neurologia di Emergenza Urgenza (ANEU), 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Quatrale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Di Scienze Neurologiche, UOC di Neurologia\u2014Ospedale dell\u2019Angelo\u2014ULSS 3 Serenissima, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione Neurologia di Emergenza Urgenza (ANEU), 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Micieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Former Department of Emergency Neurology, IRCCS C. Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione Neurologia di Emergenza Urgenza (ANEU), 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Del Sette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"Associazione Neurologia di Emergenza Urgenza (ANEU), 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Pascarella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Unit, Azienda Unit\u00e0 Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Viale Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027582024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102758","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of ischemic stroke, 1990\u20132021: An analysis of data from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Nervous System Disorders Collaborators (2024). 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