{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:02:06Z","timestamp":1778569326605,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The increasing use of computed tomography (CT) scans significantly contributes to population exposure to ionizing radiation. Traditional dose metrics, such as dose\u2013length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED), lack precision in reflecting individual radiation exposure. This study introduces a novel parameters such as size-specific effective dose (EDss) and the size-specific dose\u2013length product (DLPss), to improve patient-specific dose estimation. The aim of this study is to enhance dose calculation accuracy, optimize CT protocols, and guide the development of next-generation CT technologies. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 247 abdominal and pelvic CT scans (113 women, 134 men) was conducted. Anthropometric parameters, including body mass index (BMI), cross-sectional dimensions, and dose indices, were measured. EDss and DLPss were calculated using size-specific correction factors, and statistical correlations between these parameters were assessed. Results: The mean BMI was 25.92 \u00b1 5.34. DLPss values ranged from 261.63 to 1217.70 mGy\u00b7cm (mean: 627.83 \u00b1 145.32) and were roughly 21% higher than traditional DLP values, with men showing slightly higher mean values than women. EDss values ranged from 6.65 to 15.45 mSv (mean: 9.42 \u00b1 2.18 mSv), approximately 22% higher than traditional ED values, demonstrating improved individualization. Significant correlations were observed between BMI and effective diameter (r = 0.78), with stronger correlations in men (r = 0.85). The mean CTDIvol was 11.37 \u00b1 3.50 mGy, and SSDE averaged 13.91 \u00b1 2.39 mGy. Scan length reductions were observed in 53.8% of cases, with statistically significant differences by gender. Conclusions: EDss and DLPss offer improved accuracy in radiation dose estimation, addressing the limitations of traditional methods. Their adoption into clinical protocols, supported by AI-driven automation, could optimize diagnostic safety and significantly reduce radiation risk for patients. Further multicenter studies and technological advancements are recommended to validate these metrics and facilitate their integration into daily practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14041348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T06:41:12Z","timestamp":1739860872000},"page":"1348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Computed Tomography Doses Calculation: Do We Really Need a New Dose Assessment Tool?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Arkadiusz","family":"Szarmach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Sabiniewicz-Ziajka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6533-5774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Grzywi\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology and Neuroinformatics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8366-0239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Ga\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Weigla 5, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Population Health, Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maciej","family":"Piskunowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5180-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Wsz\u0119dyby\u0142-Winklewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroinformatics and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Department of Neurophysiology, Neuropsychology and Neuroinformatics, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, 76-200 Slupsk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000696","article-title":"Developments in X-Ray Contrast Media and the Potential Impact on Computed Tomography","volume":"55","author":"Jost","year":"2020","journal-title":"Investig. 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