{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T19:11:02Z","timestamp":1792955462274,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Although hearing loss influences voice characteristics, such changes may be under-recognized during clinical consultations. This systematic review examines voice alterations in adults with post-lingual hearing loss, considering diagnostic and rehabilitative implications. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, targeting studies reporting quantitative data on vocal parameters in adults with sensorineural hearing loss. Exclusion criteria included pre-lingual hearing loss and non-English studies. Data extraction focused on pitch, loudness, and prosody, with study quality assessed using NIH tools. Results: Eleven case\u2013control studies, involving 594 patients with sensorineural hearing loss and 326 control patients, were analyzed. Patients with untreated hearing loss exhibited elevated fundamental frequency, F0 (males: 158\u2013169 Hz; females: 206\u2013251 Hz) and loudness levels (males: 79\u201396 dB; females: 89\u2013116 dB) compared to controls (F0\u2014males: 75\u2013150 Hz; females: 150\u2013300 Hz; loudness\u2014males: 30\u201370 dB; females: 40\u201368 dB). Alterations in jitter, shimmer, and maximum phonation time (MPT) contributed to the distinct \u201chearing loss voice\u201d. Cochlear implants (CIs) and hearing aids improved vocal parameters, with CIs reducing F0 by approximately 12\u201315 Hz. Continuous hearing aid use normalized pitch and loudness within four months. Prosody alterations, such as monotone speech, were reported in long-term cases. In noisy environments, individuals with hearing loss exhibited exaggerated increases in pitch and loudness, indicative of compensatory mechanisms. Conclusions: Post-lingual hearing loss disrupts the central regulation of voice, altering pitch, loudness, and other vocal parameters. Recognizing these changes, particularly in noisy environments, could facilitate the early diagnosis and timely rehabilitation of hearing deficits, potentially mitigating associated risks of cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14051428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T11:03:37Z","timestamp":1740049417000},"page":"1428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["\u201cDo You Hear What I Hear?\u201d Speech and Voice Alterations in Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5510-3814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Di Stadio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Department, Vanvitelli University, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5225-0308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake","family":"Sossamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6505-1680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Fatebenefratelli-Isola Hospital, 00186 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1183-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iole","family":"Indovina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Systems Medicine, Centre for Space BioMedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Foundation Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology Department, Vanvitelli University, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8776-0421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Ralli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Medical University UNICAMILLUS, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4926-0957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot M.","family":"Frohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology Laboratory of Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon T.","family":"Plant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain Repair and Neurorehabilitation, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guideline: Age-Related Hearing Loss","volume":"170","author":"Bush","year":"2024","journal-title":"Otolaryngol. 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