{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:49:56Z","timestamp":1791654596313,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aortic valve disease (AVD) is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. Aortic valve replacement (AVR) is the surgical treatment for those with severe disease. Common etiologies of AVD include aortic stenosis (AS), aortic insufficiency (AI), endocarditis, and congenital diseases. Shared decision-making plays a large role in the treatment methodology chosen for each patient. Selection of valve type and surgical intervention requires strong considerations of age and compatibility with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) to ensure optimal post-operative outcomes. Due to the development of novel surgical techniques, including transcatheter AVR (TAVR) and placement of sutureless valves, patients who previously had limited access to AVD surgical options can now be considered for AVR. Further research into therapeutic development is imperative to improve patient short- and long-term outcomes as well as widen surgical candidacy for those seeking AVR for the management of AVD. Overall, AVR will continue to hold its prominent role in the treatment of AVD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14051447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T06:39:07Z","timestamp":1740119947000},"page":"1447","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Aortic Valve Replacement in the Current Era"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7425-6738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Parness","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack T.","family":"Womble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tori E.","family":"Hester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Tasoudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1010-7341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aurelie E.","family":"Merlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e030895","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.030895","article-title":"Trends and Disparities in Valvular Heart Disease Mortality in the United States From 1999 to 2020","volume":"13","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912846","article-title":"Early Surgery or Conservative Care for Asymptomatic Aortic Stenosis","volume":"382","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.01.020","article-title":"Management of Patients With Aortic Valve Stenosis","volume":"93","author":"Kanwar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mayo. Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e270422204131","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X18666220427120235","article-title":"Valve Repair in Aortic Insufficiency: A State-of-the-art Review","volume":"19","author":"Sassis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2017.10.004","article-title":"Aortic Valve Regurgitation: A Comprehensive Review","volume":"43","author":"Akinseye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"e72","article-title":"2020 ACC\/AHA Guideline for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Otto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60211-7","article-title":"Aortic stenosis","volume":"373","author":"Carabello","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2022.12.013","article-title":"Managing Patients With Moderate Aortic Stenosis","volume":"16","author":"Stassen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv701","article-title":"Aortic valve surgery and survival in patients with moderate or severe aortic stenosis and left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"37","author":"Samad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32","DOI":"10.15420\/ecr.2021.11","article-title":"Timing of Intervention in Asymptomatic Patients with Aortic Stenosis","volume":"16","author":"Sevilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Khalid, N., Shlofmitz, E., and Ahmad, S.A. (2024). Aortic Valve Endocarditis, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Ahmad, S.A., Shlofmitz, E., and Khalid, N. (2024). Aortic Valve Endocarditis Surgical Treatment, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.cme.20.1.1","article-title":"Infective endocarditis: A contemporary update","volume":"20","author":"Rajani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Gopal, S., Hauser, J.M., and Mahboobi, S.K. (2024). Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx141","article-title":"Mechanical versus bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement","volume":"38","author":"Head","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.071183","article-title":"Thrombosis of prosthetic heart valves: Diagnosis and therapeutic considerations","volume":"93","author":"Roudaut","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.715","article-title":"Aortic Bioprosthetic Valve Durability: Incidence, Mechanisms, Predictors, and Management of Surgical and Transcatheter Valve Degeneration","volume":"70","author":"Voisine","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"123","article-title":"Sutureless aortic valve replacement","volume":"4","author":"Phan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"319","article-title":"Postoperative conduction disorders after implantation of the self-expandable sutureless Perceval S bioprosthesis","volume":"23","author":"Houthuizen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Heart Valve Dis."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ezac572","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezac572","article-title":"Ten years\u2019 experience with the sutureless aortic valve replacement: Incidence and predictors for survival and valve durability at follow-up","volume":"63","author":"Pollari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"353","article-title":"Spotlight on the SAPIEN 3 transcatheter heart valve","volume":"11","author":"Rheude","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Dev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060238","article-title":"Transluminal implantation of artificial heart valves. Description of a new expandable aortic valve and initial results with implantation by catheter technique in closed chest pigs","volume":"13","author":"Andersen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.05.004","article-title":"Center Valve Preference and Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights From the AMTRAC Registry","volume":"15","author":"Witberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.059","article-title":"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement 2016: A Modern-Day \"Through the Looking-Glass\" Adventure","volume":"67","author":"Vahl","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Medtronic (2024, November 14). Transcatheter Aortic Heart Valves\u2014Evolut PRO. Available online: https:\/\/europe.medtronic.com\/xd-en\/healthcare-professionals\/products\/cardiovascular\/transcatheter-aortic-heart-valves\/evolut-pro.html."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.10.041","article-title":"Meta-analysis Comparing Early Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With the Evolut Versus Sapien 3 Valves","volume":"139","author":"Alperi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32220-2","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of a self-expanding versus a balloon-expandable bioprosthesis for transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: A randomised non-inferiority trial","volume":"394","author":"Lanz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051547","article-title":"Comparison of Self-Expanding Bioprostheses for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis: SCOPE 2 Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"142","author":"Tamburino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31358-1","article-title":"Self-expanding intra-annular versus commercially available transcatheter heart valves in high and extreme risk patients with severe aortic stenosis (PORTICO IDE): A randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial","volume":"396","author":"Makkar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2695","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00821-3","article-title":"LANDMARK comparison of early outcomes of newer-generation Myval transcatheter heart valve series with contemporary valves (Sapien and Evolut) in real-world individuals with severe symptomatic native aortic stenosis: A randomised non-inferiority trial","volume":"403","author":"Baumbach","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8066","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027715","article-title":"Ross Procedure Versus Mechanical Versus Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Replacement: A Network Meta-Analysis","volume":"12","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.21037\/acs-2020-rp-23","article-title":"The Ross procedure in children: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Moroi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Cardiothorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Brown, K.N., and Kanmanthareddy, A. (2024). Ross Procedure for Aortic Valve Replacement, StatPearls."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.506","article-title":"3-Year Outcomes in High-Risk Patients Who Underwent Surgical or Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement","volume":"67","author":"Deeb","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1039","article-title":"Paravalvular leak after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: The new Achilles\u2019 heel? A comprehensive review of the literature","volume":"61","author":"Genereux","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.067363","article-title":"Prosthesis-patient mismatch: Definition, clinical impact, and prevention","volume":"92","author":"Pibarot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.16194","article-title":"Modified Manouguian technique for aortic root enlargement: A case series","volume":"37","author":"Malfitano","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Card. Surg."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202277","article-title":"Transcatheter aortic-valve replacement for inoperable severe aortic stenosis","volume":"366","author":"Makkar","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx391","article-title":"2017 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease","volume":"38","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.01.047","article-title":"Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Meta-analysis and systematic review of literature","volume":"61","author":"Athappan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2014.06.050","article-title":"Contemporary real-world outcomes of surgical aortic valve replacement in 141,905 low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk patients","volume":"99","author":"Thourani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1514616","article-title":"Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in Intermediate-Risk Patients","volume":"374","author":"Leon","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e033176","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.033176","article-title":"Impact of Prosthesis-Patient Mismatch After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Reconstructed Time-to-Event Data of 122 989 Patients With 592 952 Patient-Years","volume":"13","author":"Sa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"61","article-title":"Bicuspid aortic valve associated aortopathy: 2022 guideline update","volume":"38","author":"Verma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2012.11.007","article-title":"Association between bicuspid aortic valve phenotype and patterns of valvular dysfunction and bicuspid aortopathy: Comprehensive evaluation using MDCT and echocardiography","volume":"6","author":"Kang","year":"2013","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2018.02.115","article-title":"The American Association for Thoracic Surgery consensus guidelines on bicuspid aortic valve-related aortopathy: Full online-only version","volume":"156","author":"Borger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bulut, H.I., Arjomandi Rad, A., Syrengela, A.A., Ttofi, I., Djordjevic, J., Kaur, R., Keiralla, A., and Krasopoulos, G. (2023). A Comprehensive Review of Management Strategies for Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV): Exploring Epidemiology, Aetiology, Aortopathy, and Interventions in Light of Recent Guidelines. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd10090398"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2014.08.073","article-title":"The prognostic impact of concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting during aortic valve surgery: Implications for revascularization in the transcatheter era","volume":"149","author":"Thalji","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"524","article-title":"2021 ESC\/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease: Developed by the Task Force for the management of valvular heart disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)","volume":"75","author":"Vahanian","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03236-2","article-title":"Yearly rupture or dissection rates for thoracic aortic aneurysms: Simple prediction based on size","volume":"73","author":"Davies","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(02)04261-3","article-title":"Aortic complications after bicuspid aortic valve replacement: Long-term results","volume":"74","author":"Russo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2004.07.009","article-title":"Should the ascending aorta be replaced more frequently in patients with bicuspid aortic valve disease?","volume":"128","author":"Borger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(03)00608-1","article-title":"Relationship of aortic cross-sectional area to height ratio and the risk of aortic dissection in patients with bicuspid aortic valves","volume":"126","author":"Svensson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2006.10.074","article-title":"Natural history of ascending aortic aneurysms in the setting of an unreplaced bicuspid aortic valve","volume":"83","author":"Davies","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)00439-7","article-title":"Surgical treatment of the dilated ascending aorta: When and how?","volume":"67","author":"Ergin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.10.050","article-title":"Bicuspid aortic valve surgery with proactive ascending aorta repair","volume":"142","author":"Svensson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"II291","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.0000087449.03964.fb","article-title":"Failure to prevent progressive dilation of ascending aorta by aortic valve replacement in patients with bicuspid aortic valve: Comparison with tricuspid aortic valve","volume":"108","author":"Yasuda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.08.055","article-title":"Fate of nonreplaced sinuses of Valsalva in bicuspid aortic valve disease","volume":"142","author":"Park","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"II108","article-title":"Excess mortality due to coronary artery disease after valve surgery. Secular trends in valvular regurgitation and effect of internal mammary artery bypass","volume":"98","author":"Tribouilloy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2017-312024","article-title":"Aortic valve replacement associated with survival in severe regurgitation and low ejection fraction","volume":"104","author":"Fiedler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12","DOI":"10.15420\/cfr.2021.05","article-title":"Evaluation and Management of Heart Block After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement","volume":"7","author":"Mazzella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Card. Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.08.050","article-title":"2020 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Management of Conduction Disturbances in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee","volume":"76","author":"Lilly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e576S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2305","article-title":"Antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy for valvular disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Whitlock","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.07.031","article-title":"Comparison of transcatheter aortic valve and surgical bioprosthetic valve durability: A fatigue simulation study","volume":"48","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.04.091","article-title":"Bioprosthetic structural valve deterioration: How do TAVR and SAVR prostheses compare?","volume":"268","author":"Aldalati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.10.078","article-title":"Long-Term Durability of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Prostheses","volume":"73","author":"Blackman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2024.08.014","article-title":"Long-Term Results Following Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials","volume":"230","author":"Caminiti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612822666160219120713","article-title":"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness","volume":"22","author":"Cao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22807","article-title":"Transcatheter vs surgical aortic-valve replacement in low- to intermediate-surgical-risk candidates: A meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2022.11.012","article-title":"Transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement for stenotic bicuspid aortic valve: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Sakurai","year":"2023","journal-title":"JTCVS Open"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4615043","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4615043","article-title":"Transcatheter versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement after Previous Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"2018","author":"Shehada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Latif, A., Lateef, N., Ahsan, M.J., Kapoor, V., Usman, R.M., Cooper, S., Andukuri, V., Mirza, M., Ashfaq, M.Z., and Khouzam, R. (2020). Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Cardiac Surgery: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcdd7030036"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Kidney, E., Bem, D., Bramley, G., Bayliss, S., de Belder, M.A., Cummins, C., and Duarte, R. (2018). Transcatheter aortic valve implantation for aortic stenosis in high surgical risk patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0196877"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.12.052","article-title":"Outcomes 2 Years After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients at Low Surgical Risk","volume":"77","author":"Leon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"e54435","article-title":"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (SAVR): A Review on the Length of Stay, Cost, Comorbidities, and Procedural Complications","volume":"16","author":"Kermanshahchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2018.07.017","article-title":"Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement Episode Payments and Relationship to Case Volume","volume":"106","author":"Brescia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2016.07.011","article-title":"Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement is Associated with Comparable Clinical Outcomes to Open Aortic Valve Surgery but with a Reduced Length of In-Patient Hospital Stay: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Trials","volume":"26","author":"Burrage","year":"2017","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.27362","article-title":"Hospital outcomes of transcatheter versus surgical aortic valve replacement in female in the United States","volume":"91","author":"Ando","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.09.040","article-title":"Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement With Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting","volume":"137","author":"Abugroun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008681","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.119.008681","article-title":"Relative Costs of Surgical and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Medical Therapy","volume":"13","author":"Goldsweig","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2022.01.013","article-title":"Feasibility and Safety of Same-Day Discharge Following Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement","volume":"15","author":"Krishnaswamy","year":"2022","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2016.11.020","article-title":"A Highly Predictive Risk Model for Pacemaker Implantation After TAVR","volume":"10","author":"Maeno","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.27357","article-title":"Meta-analysis of transfemoral TAVR versus surgical aortic valve replacement","volume":"91","author":"Arora","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"424","article-title":"Minimally Invasive Versus Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review","volume":"18","author":"Ahmed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Innovations"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sondergaard, L., Steinbruchel, D.A., Ihlemann, N., Nissen, H., Kjeldsen, B.J., Petursson, P., Ngo, A.T., Olsen, N.T., Chang, Y., and Franzen, O.W. (2016). Two-Year Outcomes in Patients With Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis Randomized to Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: The All-Comers Nordic Aortic Valve Intervention Randomized Clinical Trial. Circ. Cardiovasc. Interv., 9.","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.003665"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.12.026","article-title":"Comparison of Hospital Outcome of Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus (from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample)","volume":"119","author":"Ando","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60308-7","article-title":"5-year outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement or surgical aortic valve replacement for high surgical risk patients with aortic stenosis (PARTNER 1): A randomised controlled trial","volume":"385","author":"Mack","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_88","first-page":"e70268","article-title":"Comparative Outcomes of Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Moderate-Risk Patients With Aortic Stenosis: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials","volume":"16","author":"Ajmal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2400685","article-title":"Transcatheter or Surgical Treatment of Aortic-Valve Stenosis","volume":"390","author":"Blankenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.5776","article-title":"Effect of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation vs Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement on All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Aortic Stenosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"327","author":"Investigators","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2024.01.292","article-title":"Reinterventions After CoreValve\/Evolut Transcatheter or Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Treatment of Severe Aortic Stenosis","volume":"17","author":"Grubb","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2023.10.002","article-title":"Long-term risk of reintervention after transcatheter aortic valve replacement","volume":"267","author":"Baron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2023.03.015","article-title":"Redo Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement After Prior Transcatheter Versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement","volume":"16","author":"Hawkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e017347","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017347","article-title":"Infective Endocarditis After Surgical and Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A State of the Art Review","volume":"9","author":"Alexis","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac872","article-title":"Incidence, Clinical Characteristics, and Impact of Absent Echocardiographic Signs in Patients With Infective Endocarditis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation","volume":"76","author":"Mangner","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-21-00157","article-title":"Transcatheter aortic valve implantation in degenerated surgical aortic valves","volume":"17","author":"Tarantini","year":"2021","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.15420\/icr.2016:25:2","article-title":"Optimising the Haemodynamics of Aortic Valve-in-valve Procedures","volume":"12","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Interv. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/5\/1447\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:39:37Z","timestamp":1760027977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/5\/1447"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14051447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14051447","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]}}}