{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T14:13:22Z","timestamp":1771856002805,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objective: Attention should be paid to the introduction of more functional training methods during the second stage of cardiac rehabilitation, which imitate everyday activities to some extent. The main purpose of this research was to analyze the effects of a 22-day training program carried out in normobaric hypoxic conditions corresponding to the altitude of 3000 m a.s.l. in patients after myocardial infarction and to compare it with the same training conducted in normoxic conditions. Material and Methods: This study included 36 patients after myocardial infarction who underwent percutaneous angioplasty with stent implantation. They were examined before and after 2 days of training sessions: day one, spiroergometric exercise test on a mechanical treadmill, blood collection for laboratory tests; day two, echocardiography of the heart. Than patients underwent 22 days of training in hypoxic conditions. At the end of experiment patients had the same examinations as day one and two. Results: Training conducted in hypoxic conditions had a wider impact on spiroergometrical parameters. Significant, beneficial changes were demonstrated in relation to test duration, distance covered, energy expenditure MET, respiratory exchange ratio RER, as well as resting values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. There were no changes in parameters for morphology, cytokines, and fibrinogen. There were some differences in relation to echocardiography examinations. Conclusions: The conditions in which the rehabilitation training was conducted affect the level of exercise tolerance. The hypoxic conditions in which the training was conducted affected only two hemodynamic parameters: LVESd and e\u2019 septal. Rehabilitation training conducted in various environmental conditions had an impact only on the IL-10 value.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14061790","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T04:29:59Z","timestamp":1741321799000},"page":"1790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of the Effects of Endurance Training Conducted in Conditions of Normoxia and Artificial Hypoxia in Patients After Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7083-3185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Nowak-Lis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, ul. Miko\u0142owska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, ul. Miko\u0142owska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6413-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Grzybowska-Ganszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, ul. Miko\u0142owska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Jastrz\u0119bski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Leszek Giec Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Bielska 4, 43-400 Cieszyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0808-618X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Konarska-Rawluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, ul. Miko\u0142owska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"Acondicionamiento hip\u00f3xico-hiper\u00f3xico intermitente en la rehabilitaci\u00f3n de la insuficiencia cardiaca","volume":"58","author":"Alcazar","year":"2022","journal-title":"CardioClinics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2019.07.011","article-title":"High Intensity Interval Training in Cardiac Rehabilitation","volume":"35","author":"Dun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.227","article-title":"Short-term high altitude exposure at 3454 m is well tolerated in patients with stable heart failure","volume":"17","author":"Schmid","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. 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