{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:00:03Z","timestamp":1760058003878,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Since the peri- and intraoperative management of patients with inflammatory and obstructive sialadenitis (IOS) differs significantly between treating centers worldwide, we investigated whether these patients can be treated successfully, resource-savingly and with high patient satisfaction using minimally invasive procedures under local anesthesia (LA). Methods: We developed a comprehensive, stratified routine anesthesia and pain management protocol based on our proposed classification of invasiveness (grade 1\u20134), for almost all available IOS treatment procedures. We included 377 patients with 470 LA-conducted interventions in our study and evaluated their perceptions during and after the treatment. Results: The protocol was applied to all 377 study participants for all 470 interventions. The mean grade of invasiveness was 2.49 \u00b1 1.31, with a mean procedure duration of 30 \u00b1 20 min. We found a significant positive association between invasiveness levels and procedure duration (p = 0.001) or pain directly after surgery (p = 0.004). Patients rated the procedures as \u201dwell acceptable\u201d or better in a large majority (88.1\u201397%) regarding the administration and potency of LA, procedure duration, and pain during and directly after surgery. In total, 96.4% of patients would have the treatment repeated under the same conditions. Conclusions: The proposed anesthesia and pain management regimen, respecting invasiveness levels, enables IOS patients to undergo treatment under LA with high success rates, serving as a potential guide for performing physicians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14061797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T07:05:46Z","timestamp":1741331146000},"page":"1797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Minimally Invasive Interventions in Obstructive and Inflammatory Salivary Gland Diseases: Local Anesthesia Based Pain Management, Stratification of Invasiveness, and Patients\u2019 Perceptions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9350-486X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirco","family":"Schapher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Nuernberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Strasse 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Traxdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Klinikum Nuernberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Prof.-Ernst-Nathan-Strasse 1, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Iro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7838-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Waldstrasse 1, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-1601","article-title":"Sialendoscope-assisted transoral removal of hilo-parenchymal sub-mandibular stones: Surgical results and subjective scores","volume":"37","author":"Capaccio","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. 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