{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:59:08Z","timestamp":1793948348355,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To assess if the instillation of plasma rich growth factors (PRGFs) improves endometrial thickness (EMT) in frozen embryo cycles performed under hormone treatment where the endometrium was very thin (\u22645 mm). Methods: First, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was performed comparing women only receiving an increase in estrogen therapy (n = 9) and women receiving both the increase in estrogen therapy and three instillations of PRGF (n = 13). The second part of the study consisted of a prospective observational follow-up of the patients included in the RCT (for 1\u20133 months in the study group, and for 1\u20136 months in the control group). Results: In the RCT, there was an increase in EMT in both the PRGF and control groups. However, the increase was significantly higher in the PRGF group (1.30 \u00b1 0.67 mm) compared to the control group (0.58 \u00b1 0.51 mm). In the PRGF group, 23% achieved an EMT of 7 mm compared to 0% in the control group. There were 2 pregnancies in the PRGF group resulting from the 3 transfers performed in that group. No transfer was carried out in the control group. There was a significant increase in EMT 1\u20133 months after the PRGF cycle. The live birth rate per transfer was 20% in the cycles following the PRGF cycles, whereas it was 30% per starting woman. For women in the control group who later underwent PRGF, the LBR was 57.1%. Conclusions: PRGF instillation in cases of very thin endometrium increases EMT moderately. It is suggested that the beneficial effect of PRGF may persist for 1\u20133 cycles after instillation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14061952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T12:06:59Z","timestamp":1741867619000},"page":"1952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Endometrial Infusion with Plasma Rich in Growth Factors (PRGF) in IVF Cycles: Randomized Clinical Trial in Very Thin Endometrium and Observational Uncontrolled Follow-Up After the Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ines","family":"Castells","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), IVIRMA, 48940 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Ferrando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), IVIRMA, 48940 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6820-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"de la Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BTI\u2014Biotechnology Institute ImasD, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV\/EHU\u2014Fundaci\u00f3n Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maitane","family":"Gantxegi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Baracaldo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4460-0270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Quintana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), IVIRMA, 48940 Bilbao, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Mascaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n IVI, IVIRMA, 46004 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8386-5303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Anitua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BTI\u2014Biotechnology Institute ImasD, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV\/EHU\u2014Fundaci\u00f3n Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4279-6823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Matorras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad (IVI), IVIRMA, 48940 Bilbao, Spain"},{"name":"Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Baracaldo, Spain"},{"name":"Human Reproduction Unit, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Baracaldo, Spain"},{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.7.1762","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided embryo transfer improves pregnancy rates and increases the frequency of easy transfers","volume":"17","author":"Matorras","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum. 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