{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T22:04:31Z","timestamp":1791324271109,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Myomucosal cheek flaps are currently considered the main reconstructive option for small to moderate oral cavity defects. Many reconstructive techniques following the resectioning of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) have been proposed over the years. Methods: We report a case of OTSCC treated surgically and reconstructed with Bozola flap, analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique. The defect was classified according to the glossectomy classification proposed by Ansarin. Results: We believe that the Bozola buccinator myomucosal flap is a viable alternative to free flaps for the reconstruction of certain oral tongue defects. Conclusions: Based on our experience, the Bozola flap is an appropriate primary option for T1\u2013T2 and certain T3 OTSCC defects (excluding the tip) for I\u2013II and IIIa glossectomies, as recorded in the Ansarin classification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14061965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1741935736000},"page":"1965","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oral Tongue Reconstruction with a Bozola Flap According to the Ansarin Glossectomies Classification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3947-8733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Salzano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Odontostomatological and Reproductive Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2522-7768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Ferragina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Renato Dulbecco Hospital, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3071-6355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Cocis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1080-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Maglitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfonso","family":"Manfuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2992-893X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Copelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2018.08.006","article-title":"Microvascular reconstruction two years after subtotal glossectomy: Is it worth it?","volume":"120","author":"Molteni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2015.11.020","article-title":"Individual design of the anterolateral thigh flap for functional reconstruction after hemiglossectomy: Experience with 238 patients","volume":"45","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.23862","article-title":"Quality of life in patients after resection of pT3 lateral tongue carcinoma: Microvascular reconstruction versus primary closure","volume":"38","author":"Canis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2023.106596","article-title":"Functional considerations between flap and non-flap reconstruction in oral tongue cancer: A systematic review","volume":"147","author":"Cortina","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.22933","article-title":"Cheek mucosa: A versatile donor site of myomucosal flaps. Technical and functional considerations","volume":"35","author":"Massarelli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.10.036","article-title":"Buccinator myomucosal island flap for reconstruction of the floor of the mouth","volume":"66","author":"Ferrari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198908000-00010","article-title":"The buccinator musculomucosal flap: Anatomic study and clinical application","volume":"84","author":"Bozola","year":"1989","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2011.10.016","article-title":"The Bozola flap in oral cavity reconstruction","volume":"48","author":"Ferrari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25466","article-title":"Classification of GLOSSECTOMIES: Proposal for tongue cancer resections","volume":"41","author":"Ansarin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26908","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in head and neck cancer surgery: Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Iocca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"e32","article-title":"Pedicled Flaps versus Free Flaps for Oral Cavity Cancer Reconstruction: A Comparison of Complications, Hospital Costs, and Functional Outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Sittitrai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2016.09.002","article-title":"The posterior-based buccinator myomucosal flap (Bozola\u2019s flap)","volume":"134","author":"Remangeon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Ann. Otorhinolaryngol. Head Neck Dis."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/6\/1965\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:53:35Z","timestamp":1760028815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/6\/1965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14061965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14061965","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]}}}