{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T09:44:23Z","timestamp":1782726263405,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Stroke is the third most common cause of death in Lebanon. With many preventive strategies identified, stroke remains a national burden, especially in developing countries, where risk factors and epidemiological states are understudied. This study aims to investigate the association of sociodemographic factors and health-related risk factors with age at first ischemic stroke and its recurrence in the Lebanese population. Methods: A retrospective study including 214 ischemic stroke cases was carried out. Sociodemographic characteristics and health-related risk factors were assessed, in addition to disability levels (modified Rankin score (mRS)), age at first ischemic stroke incidence, and number of ischemic strokes. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25, including descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Results: This study showed that stressful factors were significantly associated with a younger age at first ischemic stroke, such as having no partner (p &lt; 0.001), having employment (p &lt; 0.001), and having migraines (p &lt; 0.001). However, metabolic risk factors were associated with an older age of ischemic stroke, such as hypertension (p &lt; 0.001) and hyperlipidemia (p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, having a partner (OR: 2.136), having a family history of stroke (OR: 2.873), having hyperlipidemia (OR: 3.71), and having atrial fibrillation (OR: 2.521) were associated with ischemic stroke recurrence. Conclusions: Many modifiable factors are associated with age at first ischemic stroke and its recurrence. This study sheds light on the necessity of increasing knowledge and awareness of well-known risk factors in the Lebanese population. These results suggest implementing targeted preventive strategies and highlight the importance of complying with early detection and follow-up measures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14062034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T06:36:23Z","timestamp":1742193383000},"page":"2034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Description of the Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke in the Lebanese Population: Their Association with Age at First Stroke Incidence and the Predictors of Recurrence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jad","family":"El Masri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERMU955-E01, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil, 94000 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"\u00c9cole Doctorale Sciences de la Vie et de la Sant\u00e9, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil, 94010 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diala","family":"El Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Koura 1100, Lebanon"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7871-5298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maya","family":"Ghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8995-0499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Afyouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center (NRC), Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hani","family":"Finge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jad","family":"El Ahdab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Tlayss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Koura 1100, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soltan","family":"Al Chaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9719-9324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wassim","family":"Abou-Kheir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4780-0772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascale","family":"Salameh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1102, Lebanon"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 1533, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus"},{"name":"INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Sant e Publique, d\u2019\u00c9pidemiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban), Beirut 1103, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERMU955-E01, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biom\u00e9dicale, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Est Cr\u00e9teil, 94000 Cr\u00e9teil, France"},{"name":"RAMSAY SANT\u00c9, HPPE, 94500 Cr\u00e9teil, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"561","article-title":"Stroke: Causes and Clinical Features","volume":"48","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. 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