{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T15:13:08Z","timestamp":1791645188400,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K16967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K16967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H03840"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03840"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K19582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K19582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: This study evaluated the clinical preferences of glaucoma specialists regarding glaucoma surgery and postoperative management in Japan in 2024. Methods: A survey about clinical practice preferences regarding glaucoma surgery and postoperative care was administered among 50 glaucoma specialists who were councilors in the Japan Glaucoma Society. Results: Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) plus phacoemulsification was the most preferred procedure for nonoperated mild to moderate cases of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) (94.6%) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) (67.3%) associated with cataract. Microhook surgery was the most preferred among the MIGS procedures. Meanwhile, PreserFlo MicroShunt (PMS) surgery is emerging as a popular option for cases of POAG and NTG, especially in advanced-stage pseudophakic eyes that underwent prior corneal incision phacoemulsification (40.1%). Long-tube shunt surgeries were predominantly preferred for POAG after two failed trabeculectomies (69.4%) and for neovascular glaucoma with prior vitrectomy after a failed trabeculectomy (73.0%). Among long-tube shunt surgeries, the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) was preferred over the Baerveldt glaucoma implant. Trabeculectomy required the most frequent follow-up visits within the first postoperative year, whereas PMS and long-tube shunt surgeries required comparatively fewer follow-up visits. Overall, MIGS involved less frequent follow-up visits versus filtering surgeries. Conclusions: MIGS is currently the procedure of choice for primary glaucoma surgery in Japan. Among glaucoma specialists of the Japan Glaucoma Society, PMS surgery is becoming popular for cases of POAG and NTG. Refractory glaucoma is commonly treated with long-tube shunt surgeries, especially the AGV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14062039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T07:49:57Z","timestamp":1742197797000},"page":"2039","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Clinical Practice Preferences for Glaucoma Surgery in Japan in 2024"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shogo","family":"Arimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7334-2245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Takamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0896-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Inatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(93)31597-6","article-title":"Loss of visual acuity after trabeculectomy","volume":"100","author":"Costa","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2021.01.004","article-title":"Changes in performance of glaucoma surgeries 1994 through 2017 based on claims and payment data for United States Medicare beneficiaries","volume":"4","author":"Boland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S310542","article-title":"Trends in surgical glaucoma treatment in Germany between 2006 and 2018","volume":"13","author":"Luebke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-020-00749-w","article-title":"Clinical practice preferences for glaucoma surgery in Japan: A survey of Japan Glaucoma Society specialists","volume":"64","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.051","article-title":"Trends in Glaucoma Surgeries Performed by Glaucoma Subspecialists versus Nonsubspecialists on Medicare Beneficiaries from 2008 through 2016","volume":"128","author":"Rathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogla.2021.03.012","article-title":"Trends and usage patterns of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in the United States: IRIS\u00ae registry analysis 2013\u20132018","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000457","article-title":"Complications of micro-invasive glaucoma surgery","volume":"29","author":"Yook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S239772","article-title":"Prospective studies of minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries: Systematic review and quality assessment","volume":"14","author":"Rosdahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000368","article-title":"Three-year follow-up of a novel aqueous humor MicroShunt","volume":"25","author":"Batlle","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.04.015","article-title":"Use of various glaucoma surgeries and procedures in Medicare beneficiaries from 1994 to 2012","volume":"122","author":"Arora","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20110224-94","article-title":"Practice preferences for glaucoma surgery: A survey of the American Glaucoma Society in 2008","volume":"42","author":"Desai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Surg. Lasers Imaging"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000000720","article-title":"Practice preferences for glaucoma surgery: A survey of the American Glaucoma Society","volume":"26","author":"Vinod","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.12846","article-title":"Survey of glaucoma surgical preferences and post-operative care in the United Kingdom","volume":"45","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-021-00898-6","article-title":"Recent trends in glaucoma surgery: A nationwide database study in Japan, 2011\u20132019","volume":"66","author":"Fujita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanito, M. (2023). Nationwide analysis of glaucoma surgeries in fiscal years of 2014 and 2020 in Japan. J. Pers. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13071047"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04897-0","article-title":"Long-term clinical results of trabectome surgery in patients with open-angle glaucoma","volume":"258","author":"Kono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.10.009","article-title":"Trabecular Procedures Combined with Cataract Surgery for Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","volume":"131","author":"Richter","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanito, M., Sugihara, K., Tsutsui, A., Hara, K., Manabe, K., and Matsuoka, Y. (2021). Midterm Results of Microhook ab Interno trabeculotomy in Initial 560 Eyes with Glaucoma. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040814"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwasaki, K., Arimura, S., Takihara, Y., Takamura, Y., and Inatani, M. (2018). Prospective cohort study of corneal endothelial cell loss after Baerveldt glaucoma implantation. PLoS ONE., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201342"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-021-00428-0","article-title":"Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss After PRESERFLO\u2122 MicroShunt Implantation in the Anterior Chamber: Anterior Segment OCT Tube Location as a Risk Factor","volume":"11","author":"Teus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2023.09.023","article-title":"Ab-Externo MicroShunt versus trabeculectomy in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Two-year Results from a Randomized, Multicenter Study","volume":"131","author":"Panarelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1641","article-title":"The prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in Japanese: The Tajimi Study","volume":"111","author":"Iwase","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-017-0519-8","article-title":"Impact of intraocular pressure reduction on visual field progression in normal-tension glaucoma followed up over 15 years","volume":"61","author":"Oie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05215-y","article-title":"Central visual field change after fornix-based trabeculectomy in Japanese normal-tension glaucoma patients managed under 15 mmHg","volume":"259","author":"Nakajima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2017.01.003","article-title":"Five-year pooled data analysis of the Ahmed Baerveldt comparison study and the Ahmed versus Baerveldt study","volume":"176","author":"Christakis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iwasaki, K., Kojima, S., Wajima, R., Matsuda, A., Yoshida, K., Tsutsui, A., Kono, M., Nozaki, M., Namiguchi, K., and Nitta, K. (2025). Surgical Outcomes of Baerveldt Glaucoma Implant Versus Ahmed Glaucoma Valve in Neovascular Glaucoma: A Retrospective Multicenter Study. Adv. Ther.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-025-03128-4"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-003-0775-9","article-title":"Intensified postoperative care versus conventional follow-up: A retrospective long-term analysis of 177 trabeculectomies","volume":"242","author":"Marquardt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000240","article-title":"Postoperative management of trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage implant surgery","volume":"27","author":"Panarelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0452-9","article-title":"Glaucoma surgery preferences when the surgeon adopts the role of the patient","volume":"33","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"e55853","article-title":"Combined endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation and phacoemulsification versus phacoemulsification alone in the glaucoma treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Amaral","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-01080-0","article-title":"Long-term treatment outcomes of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in primary and secondary glaucoma: A 5-year analysis","volume":"14","author":"Webers","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Ther."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/6\/2039\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:55:00Z","timestamp":1760028900000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/6\/2039"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14062039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14062039","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]}}}