{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T10:04:48Z","timestamp":1785492288204,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) represents a growing global health challenge due to the increasing prevalence of coexisting kidney and heart disease. The complex pathophysiology of CRS demands an integrated, multidisciplinary approach involving both nephrology and cardiology. However, specialized care models remain limited, leading to fragmented management and suboptimal outcomes. Methods: A Kidney\u2013Heart Outpatient Service was established at \"Paolo Giaccone\" University Hospital in Palermo in May 2023 to provide coordinated, multidisciplinary care for non-hospitalized patients with CRS. The service involves structured patient assessments, including medical history, physical examinations, laboratory tests, imaging, and a collaborative therapeutic plan formulated by nephrologists and cardiologists. Preliminary patient data were collected and analysed to assess demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes. Results: Among the first 115 patients evaluated, most were male and over 70 years old. Hypertension (91%) and diabetes were the leading comorbidities, with CKD stage G3b being the most prevalent. Cardiovascular conditions such as atrial fibrillation (18%), prior myocardial infarction (17%), and heart failure (15%) were frequently observed. Three patient deaths occurred, and one progressed to hemodialysis. Conclusions: The Kidney\u2013Heart Outpatient Service represents a novel, patient-centered model for CRS management, aiming to improve clinical outcomes and reduce hospital admissions through multidisciplinary collaboration. Longitudinal follow-up and expanded data collection are essential to validate the long-term efficacy of this approach and refine management strategies for CRS patients. Ongoing research efforts will focus on tracking patient outcomes over extended periods, optimizing therapeutic strategies, and further integrating nephrology and cardiology training. The goal is to establish a sustainable and scalable framework for CRS management that enhances patient care and reduces the healthcare burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14062102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T10:38:48Z","timestamp":1742380728000},"page":"2102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mission and One-Year Experience of a Kidney\u2013Heart Outpatient Service: A Patient-Centered Management Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6767-8823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caterina","family":"Carollo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE) \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Evola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Catheterization Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Sorce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE) \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4934-0818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Cirafici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE) \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0786-5976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Bennici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE) \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mul\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE) \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3806-1151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulio","family":"Geraci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery, \u201cKore\u201d University of Enna, 94100 Enna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041031","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization","volume":"351","author":"Go","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. 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