{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T19:46:05Z","timestamp":1791229565889,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University","award":["6-DN-20\/2\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-DN-20\/2\/2025"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Sepsis, a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated immune response to infection, is associated with high mortality. Endotoxin and cytokine overload play a crucial role in sepsis-induced organ dysfunction. The Oxiris\u00ae membrane, traditionally used as a hemofilter for renal replacement therapy, has demonstrated the capacity to adsorb endotoxins and cytokines. This study investigates the clinical effect during hemoperfusion with the Oxiris\u00ae membrane in patients with septic shock and preserved renal function. Methods: We present three adult patients with septic shock who were admitted to the intensive care unit with high vasopressor requirements and elevated inflammatory markers. As they were refractory to standard therapy and renal function was preserved, a 12-hour hemoperfusion session with an Oxiris\u00ae membrane was initiated. Hemodynamic parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, and endotoxin concentrations were evaluated before, during, and after hemoperfusion treatment. Results: All patients demonstrated hemodynamic stabilization, with norepinephrine support reduced by 10.3% to 70.0%. Key inflammatory markers decreased significantly, including interleukin-6 (\u221241.6% to \u221294.0%), procalcitonin (\u221229.3% to \u221249.5%), and C-reactive protein (4.7% to \u221237.2%). Endotoxin concentrations decreased by 62.0% and 13.6% in two of the three patients. No adverse effects related to hemoperfusion were observed. Conclusions: Hemoperfusion with the Oxiris\u00ae membrane effectively reduced vasopressor support, inflammatory markers, and endotoxin concentrations in patients with refractory septic shock. This approach may offer a novel strategy for early immune modulation in sepsis before renal dysfunction occurs. Further studies with larger cohorts are required to validate these findings and determine optimal treatment protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14062113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,20]],"date-time":"2025-03-20T05:03:59Z","timestamp":1742447039000},"page":"2113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Hemoperfusion Using the Oxiris Membrane in Septic Shock Patients with Preserved Kidney Function: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3814-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darja","family":"Smirnova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Clinical Simulations, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Pauls Stradi\u0146\u0161 Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5805-8825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rihards","family":"Serzans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Pauls Stradi\u0146\u0161 Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mara","family":"Klibus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Clinical Simulations, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Pauls Stradi\u0146\u0161 Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valdis","family":"Liguts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Pauls Stradi\u0146\u0161 Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0970-2127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Lece","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradin\u0161 University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3726-8724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrejs","family":"Skesters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute of Occupational Safety and Environmental Health, Riga Stradin\u0161 University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Villa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Section of Oncological Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6515-6677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olegs","family":"Sabelnikovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Clinical Simulations, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, Pauls Stradi\u0146\u0161 Clinical University Hospital, LV-1002 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Payen, D., Dupuis, C., Deckert, V., Pais de Barros, J.P., R\u00e9role, A.L., Lukaszewicz, A.C., Coudroy, R., Robert, R., and Lagrost, L. 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