{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T11:41:11Z","timestamp":1769600471533,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study aimed to research the potential association between brain atrophy and hematoma expansion (HE) in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from patients with primary ICH in our stroke database. ICH volumes from initial and follow-up CT scans were manually segmented. Total brain and intracranial volumes were quantified using an automated head CT segmentation method. Normalized brain volume (NBV) was calculated by dividing the total brain volume by the total intracranial volume to account for individual head size differences. The relationship between the NBV and hematoma expansion was assessed using linear regression, adjusting for other variables influencing hematoma expansion. Results: Our final analysis included 420 patients. Brain atrophy (lower NBV) was associated with hematoma growth (&gt;0 mL) in patients not on oral anticoagulants (\u03b2 = \u22120.159, p = 0.032). A strong association was observed in patients using vitamin K antagonists (\u03b2 = \u22120.667, p = 0.006) but not in those on direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs; (\u03b2 = \u22120.159, p = 0.436)). Results remained significant in patients not on oral anticoagulants and in those on VKAs when hematoma expansion was defined as a volume increase &gt;6 mL or &gt;33%. Conclusions: This research provides initial evidence that brain atrophy is a risk factor for hematoma expansion, depending on the patient\u2019s coagulation status. These findings could enhance risk stratification for acute clinical management and deepen understanding of the biological mechanisms behind hematoma expansion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T10:53:54Z","timestamp":1742900034000},"page":"2227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Brain Atrophy Is Associated with Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Depending on Coagulation Status"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7757-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Speth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3964-8360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Dell\u2019Orco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justus F.","family":"Kleine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"G\u00fcttler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Morotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences and Vision, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7264-4807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Horst","family":"Urbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1919-092X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georg","family":"Bohner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Scheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1137-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawed","family":"Nawabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14197 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1268-0627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frieder","family":"Schlunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2014Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 14197 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 64, 79106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.emc.2016.06.010","article-title":"Diagnosis and Management of Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage","volume":"34","author":"Morotti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. 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