{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T03:01:22Z","timestamp":1770519682862,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>While full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty (PK) has seen a decline in favor of partial-thickness techniques like endothelial keratoplasty (EK) and anterior lamellar keratoplasty (ALK), PK remains indicated for corneal disease involving the entire corneal thickness. Mushroom keratoplasty (MK) is a noteworthy modification of PK, designed to combine the refractive benefits of a large-diameter anterior lamellar graft with the graft survival advantage of limited replacement of the corneal endothelium. Leveraging the use of a microkeratome, the MK donor graft can be prepared by microkeratome dissection, thereby achieving a central interface compatible with 20\/20 Snellen vision. This review explores the various surgical techniques, visual outcomes, graft survival rates, and complication rates associated with MK for various indications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T02:50:16Z","timestamp":1743389416000},"page":"2351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mushroom Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pietro","family":"Bergamaschi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forl\u00ec, 47121 Forli, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia (IRFO), 47122 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda Marie Louise","family":"Busin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forl\u00ec, 47121 Forli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angeli Christy","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forl\u00ec, 47121 Forli, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia (IRFO), 47122 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3635-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Busin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Ospedali Privati Forl\u00ec, 47121 Forli, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Internazionale per la Ricerca e Formazione in Oftalmologia (IRFO), 47122 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01949227","article-title":"Eine erfolgreiche totale keratoplastik","volume":"64","author":"Zirm","year":"1906","journal-title":"Graefes Arch. 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