{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T11:02:48Z","timestamp":1768561368928,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint is an infectious disease with a rapid course and possible long-term complications. It is crucial to diagnose and implement treatment quickly and to know the potential causes of the occurrence of SATMJ. The planned systematic review aims to summarize current knowledge on this subject. Methods: This protocol follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and checklist. The following scientific databases will be searched: ACM, BASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Studies on SATMJ that are consistent with the pre-established PICOTS criteria will be included in the systematic review. Two authors will independently conduct the record screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal phases. The quality of the studies will be evaluated using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Certainty assessment will be conducted using the GRADE tool. The obtained research results and data will be used to define and establish the current scientific position on the diagnosis and treatment of SATMJ. Conclusions on the lack of association of gender, age, and race with the occurrence of this disease entity will be verified, among others. The planned systematic review will be based on extensive searches for studies with no high risk of bias. The aim is to assist clinicians in managing SATMJ, and to inspire future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T05:21:04Z","timestamp":1743398464000},"page":"2392","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Protocol for a Systematic Review on Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint (SATMJ)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6758-5450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karolina","family":"Lubecka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6523-328X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kacper","family":"Galant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Al. Ko\u015bciuszki 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6199-4753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Wo\u0142oska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5113-9817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Wo\u0142oska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4985-7113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Bli\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Preventive Medicine Center, Komorowskiego 12, 30-106 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4416-5893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Ciosek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Al. Ko\u015bciuszki 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"G\u0142adysz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Montelupich 4, 31-155 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5669-465X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Cholewa-Kowalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Glass Technology and Amorphous Coatings, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4497-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Chlubek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3348-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior and Administration, Wo\u0142oska 137, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of the Ministry of Interior, Wojska Polskiego 51, 25-375 Kielce, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powsta\u0144c\u00f3w Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4510","article-title":"Severe Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint with Pyogenic Orofacial Infections: A Case Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"14","author":"Xiao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2007.02.002","article-title":"Anatomy of the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"28","author":"Alomar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Ultrasound CT MRI"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"14","article-title":"Functional Anatomy of the Temporomandibular Joint and Pathologic Changes in Temporomandibular Disease Progression: A Narrative Review","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Korean Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bli\u017aniak, F., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ska, K., Lubecka, K., Kami\u0144ska, M., Szuta, M., Chlubek, D., and Sikora, M. (2024). Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Administered Intra-Articularly in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144056"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732312452938","article-title":"Beyond PICO: The SPIDER Tool for Qualitative Evidence Synthesis","volume":"22","author":"Cooke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill, A., Duran, J., and Purcell, P. (2014). Lubricin Protects the Temporomandibular Joint Surfaces from Degeneration. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106497"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sikora, M., Czerwi\u0144ska-Niezabitowska, B., Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M.A., Sielski, M., and Chlubek, D. (2020). Short-Term Effects of Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid Administration in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061749"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2014.08.008","article-title":"The Biology of Lubricin: Near Frictionless Joint Motion","volume":"39","author":"Jay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.1980.1.3.145","article-title":"Anatomy and Function of the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"1","author":"Helland","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514553626","article-title":"Role of Interstitial Fluid Pressurization in TMJ Lubrication","volume":"94","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/ors.12473","article-title":"Temporomandibular Disorders: A Review of Current Concepts in Aetiology, Diagnosis and Management","volume":"13","author":"Kapos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oral Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03710-w","article-title":"Prevalence of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"25","author":"Valesan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zieli\u0144ski, G., Paj\u0105k-Zieli\u0144ska, B., and Ginszt, M. (2024). A Meta-Analysis of the Global Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13051365"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ch\u0119ci\u0144ski, M., Lubecka, K., Bli\u017aniak, F., Chlubek, D., and Sikora, M. (2024). Hyaluronic Acid\/Platelet-Rich Plasma Mixture Improves Temporomandibular Joint Biomechanics: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179401"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Araidy, S., Maalouf, N., Front, E., and Abu El-Naaj, I. (2025). Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint\u2014A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Front. Oral Health, 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2024.1496094"},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Bordoni, B., and Varacallo, M. (2024). Anatomy, Head and Neck, Temporomandibular Joint. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1648","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001648","article-title":"Temporomandibular Joint Septic Arthritis","volume":"6","author":"Frojo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2021.01.004","article-title":"Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Systematic Review","volume":"79","author":"Omiunu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2021.09.015","article-title":"Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint in Adults: Systematic Review","volume":"123","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Stomatol. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2019.1661943","article-title":"Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint: Case Series and Literature Review","volume":"39","author":"Spagnol","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.168678","article-title":"Septic Arthritis in the Temporomandibular Joint","volume":"7","author":"Nikiforov","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2016.42.4.227","article-title":"Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Case Report","volume":"42","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Korean Assoc. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"(2025, March 09). Costs. Available online: https:\/\/tmj.org\/living-with-tmj\/treatments\/costs\/."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.15562\/ism.v14i2.1743","article-title":"Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint: A Systematic Review","volume":"14","author":"Gera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intisari Sains Medis"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"S3","article-title":"The Importance and Impact of Evidence Based Medicine","volume":"10","author":"Lewis","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Manag. Care Pharm."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline for Reporting Systematic Reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Methley, A.M., Campbell, S., Chew-Graham, C., McNally, R., and Cheraghi-Sohi, S. (2014). PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: A Comparison Study of Specificity and Sensitivity in Three Search Tools for Qualitative Systematic Reviews. BMC Health Serv. Res., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-014-0579-0"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.01.034","article-title":"Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint: Case Reports and Review of the Literature","volume":"45","author":"Gayle","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wise, N.M., Wagner, S.J., Worst, T.J., Sprague, J.E., and Oechsle, C.M. (2021). Comparison of Swab Types for Collection and Analysis of Microorganisms. MicrobiologyOpen, 10.","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.1244"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.40960","article-title":"A Comparative Study of the Skeletal Morphology of the Temporo-Mandibular Joint of Children and Adults","volume":"54","author":"Meng","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2023.06.008","article-title":"Septic Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint Managed with Arthroscopy: A Case Report","volume":"52","author":"Mota","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"(2024, December 03). JBI Critical Appraisal Tools|JBI. Available online: https:\/\/jbi.global\/critical-appraisal-tools."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"(2025, February 20). What Is GRADE?|BMJ Best Practice. Available online: https:\/\/bestpractice.bmj.com\/info\/toolkit\/learn-ebm\/what-is-grade\/."}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/7\/2392\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:06:30Z","timestamp":1760029590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/7\/2392"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14072392"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14072392","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]}}}