{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:43:13Z","timestamp":1784958193553,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007551","name":"Hallym University Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HURF-2022-43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HURF-2022-43"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal ventilation mode during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by comparing the effects of chest compression-synchronized ventilation (CCSV) and intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) on arterial blood gases. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study included patients presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were randomly assigned to the CCSV or IPPV groups. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed at the start of CPR and 10 min after initiating mechanical ventilation. Primary outcomes included changes in the arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures. Results: Of the 144 patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, 30 were included in the study, with 15 each assigned to the CCSV and IPPV groups. The median arterial oxygen pressure in the CCSV group was 76.1 [22.8; 260.3 interquartile range], compared with 8.8 [\u22121.6; 113.9 interquartile range] in the IPPV group (p = 0.250). The change in carbon dioxide pressure was \u221210.3 [\u221218.3; \u22122.7 interquartile range] in the CCSV group and \u221211.5 [\u221239.5; 5.6 interquartile range] in the IPPV group (p = 0.935). Wilcoxon signed-rank test results revealed significant differences in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide pressure levels before and after treatment in the CCSV group (p = 0.026 and 0.048, respectively). However, in the IPPV group, changes in arterial partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide before and after treatment were non-significant (p = 0.095 and 0.107, respectively). Conclusions: Although CCSV significantly improved oxygenation and ventilation in patients undergoing CPR, it cannot be considered superior to IPPV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T08:48:00Z","timestamp":1743410880000},"page":"2394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effectiveness of Chest Compression-Synchronized Ventilation in Patients with Cardiac Arrest"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9055-6250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young T.","family":"Oh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 102 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06973, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2487-8988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Choung A.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang A.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1024-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juok","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2267-923X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sola","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye J.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9709-3332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangsoo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon 14584, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2977-6270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soonjoo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong W.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, 7, Keunjaebong-gil, Hwaseong-si 18450, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2025, March 21). Cardiac Arrest Incidence and Survival Outcomes: Chronic Disease Health Statistics, Available online: https:\/\/www.kdca.go.kr\/injury\/biz\/injury\/recsroom\/statsSmMain.do."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjae.2021.01.002","article-title":"The cardiovascular effects of positive pressure ventilation","volume":"21","author":"Corp","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJA Educ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S366","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000916","article-title":"Adult Basic and Ad-vanced Life Support Writing Group. Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care","volume":"142","author":"Panchal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henlin, T., Michalek, P., Tyll, T., Hinds, J.D., and Dobias, M. (2014). Oxygenation, Ventilation, and Airway Management in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review. BioMed Res. Int., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/376871"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2024.110366","article-title":"Ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A narrative review","volume":"203","author":"Doeleman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2021.10.040","article-title":"2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 working group","volume":"169","author":"Wyckoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2020.11.005","article-title":"The Effect of Different Personal Protective Equipment Masks on Health Care Workers\u2019 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performance During the Covid-19 Pandemic","volume":"60","author":"Serin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e933","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047463","article-title":"Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Adults, Children, and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19: From the Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee and Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation Adult and Pediatric Task Forces of the American Heart Association","volume":"141","author":"Edelson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kill, C., Galbas, M., Neuhaus, C., Hahn, O., Wallot, P., Kesper, K., Wulf, H., and Dersch, W. (2015). Chest Compression Synchronized Ventilation versus Intermitted Positive Pressure Ventilation during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Pig Model. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127759"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.06.102","article-title":"Mechanical Positive Pressure Ventilation during Resus-citation in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest with Chest Compression Synchronized Ventilation (CCSV)","volume":"142","author":"Kill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.10.1158","article-title":"Minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation by emergency medical services for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest","volume":"299","author":"Bobrow","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2019.05.006","article-title":"Association of Ventilation with Outcomes from Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest","volume":"141","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509139","article-title":"Trial of Continuous or Interrupted Chest Compressions during CPR","volume":"373","author":"Nichol","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2017.07.018","article-title":"Ventilation Rate in Adults with a Tracheal Tube during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A systematic review","volume":"119","author":"Vissers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1961.03040200010003","article-title":"Ventilation and Circulation with Closed-chest Cardiac Massage in Man","volume":"176","author":"Safar","year":"1961","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2007.04.002","article-title":"Does compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation generate adequate passive ventilation during cardiac arrest?","volume":"75","author":"Deakin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2018.06.057","article-title":"Quantification of ventilation volumes produced by compressions during emergency department cardiopulmonary resuscitation","volume":"36","author":"McDannold","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2023.109965","article-title":"Ventilatory improvement with mechanical ventilator versus bag in non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: SYMEVECA study, phase 1","volume":"192","year":"2023","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., and Hartmann, P. (2023). How to calculate sample size in animal and human studies. Front. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1215927"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182a63fa0","article-title":"Mechanical Ventilation during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation, Bilevel Ventila-tion, or Chest Compression Synchronized Ventilation in a Pig Model","volume":"42","author":"Kill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, S.-I., Kim, J.-S., Kim, Y.-J., and Kim, W.Y. (2021). Dynamic changes in arterial blood gas during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-02764-4"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2016.06.013","article-title":"Arterial blood gases during and their dynamic changes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A prospective clinical study","volume":"106","author":"Spindelboeck","year":"2016","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SOS-KANTO Study Group (2012). Relationship between the hemoglobin level at hospital arrival and post-cardiac arrest neurologic outcome. Am. J. Emerg. Med., 30, 770\u2013774.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2011.03.031"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/7\/2394\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:06:43Z","timestamp":1760029603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2077-0383\/14\/7\/2394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["jcm14072394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm14072394","relation":{},"ISSN":["2077-0383"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2077-0383","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]}}}