{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:25:00Z","timestamp":1792113900654,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Postpartum depression (PPD) is a severe mental health condition that affects women following childbirth and is marked by persistent sadness, anxiety, fatigue, and difficulty functioning. Unlike the temporary \u201cbaby blues\u201d, PPD is more severe and long-lasting, potentially leading to negative consequences for mother and child. Globally, PPD impacts approximately 10\u201320% of postpartum women, with prevalence influenced by genetic, hormonal, psychological, and socio-environmental factors. Early detection is crucial, with screening tools such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) commonly used in clinical practice. Treatment options include pharmacological interventions such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), psychological therapies like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT), and lifestyle modifications. Despite the growing awareness of PPD, stigma remains a significant barrier to treatment, discouraging many women from seeking help. In low-income countries, where mental health care is often underfunded, accessing professionals trained in perinatal mental health presents an even greater challenge. This gap underscores the urgent need for a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and midwives to ensure comprehensive support and care for affected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T04:06:05Z","timestamp":1743566765000},"page":"2418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Postpartum Depression Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Management: An Appraisal of the Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zaituna","family":"Khamidullina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1, NJSC \u201cAstana Medical University\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3935-3351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aizada","family":"Marat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology #1, NJSC \u201cAstana Medical University\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1532-9584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana","family":"Muratbekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Higher School of Medicine, NJSC Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau University, Kokshetau 020000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagima M.","family":"Mustapayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6267-5351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulnar N.","family":"Chingayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abay M.","family":"Shepetov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syrdankyz S.","family":"Ibatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JSC \u201cNational Neurosurgery Center\u201d, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3914-5154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Terzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Department of Women\u2019s Health, CF University Medical Center, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2868-4497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulzhanat","family":"Aimagambetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Department of Women\u2019s Health, CF University Medical Center, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185612","article-title":"Postpartum depression current status and future directions","volume":"9","author":"McCabe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. 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