{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:07:43Z","timestamp":1790471263726,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timi\u0219oara"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Glycemic variability (GV) is a novel concept in the assessment of the quality of glycemic control in patients with diabetes, with its importance emphasized in patients with type 1 diabetes. Its adoption in clinical practice emerged with the increased availability of continuous glycemic monitoring systems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the GV in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to assess its associations with other parameters used to evaluate the glycemic control. Methods: GV indexes and classical glycemic control markers were analyzed for 147 adult patients with T1DM in a multicentric cross-sectional study. Results: Stable glycemia was associated with a higher time in range (TIR) (78% vs. 63%; p &lt; 0.001) and a lower HbA1c (6.8% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.006). The coefficient of variation (CV) was reversely correlated with TIR (Spearman\u2019s r = \u22120.513; p &lt; 0.001) and positively correlated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (Spearman\u2019s r = 0.349; p &lt; 0.001), while TIR was reversely correlated with HbA1c (Spearman\u2019s r = \u22120.637; p &lt; 0.001). The composite GV and metabolic outcome was achieved by 28.6% of the patients. Conclusions: Stable glycemia was associated with a lower HbA1c, average and SD of blood glucose, and a higher TIR. A TIR higher than 70% was associated with a lower HbA1c, and SD and average blood glucose. Only 28.6% of the patients with T1DM achieved the composite GV and metabolic outcome, despite 53.7% of them achieving the HbA1c target, emphasizing thus the role of GV in the assessment of the glycemic control.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T16:19:16Z","timestamp":1743610756000},"page":"2434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Glycemic Variability and Its Association with Traditional Glycemic Control Biomarkers in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sandra","family":"Lazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Emergency Municipal Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3116-8151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia-Viola","family":"Reurean-Pintilei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical-Surgical and Complementary Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, \u201cStefan cel Mare\u201d University, 720229 Suceava, Romania"},{"name":"Consultmed Medical Centre, Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 700544 Iasi, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6840-9553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioana","family":"Ionita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Hematology, Emergency Municipal Hospital, 300254 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Research Center for Malignant Hematological Diseases (CCMHM), Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vlad-Florian","family":"Avram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6952-2171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreea","family":"Herascu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0993-6206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan","family":"Timar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Molecular Research in Nephrology and Vascular Disease, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Second Department of Internal Medicine, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Diabetes, \u201cPius Brinzeu\u201d Emergency Hospital, 300723 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-00443-4","article-title":"Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus as a Disease of the \u03b2-Cell (Do Not Blame the Immune System?)","volume":"17","author":"Roep","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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