{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T15:36:21Z","timestamp":1784907381327,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a subtype of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) characterized by bilateral nasal polyps, primarily affecting adults. It is often associated with hyposmia and asthma and driven by persistent Th2 inflammation, particularly in Caucasian patients. The disease is recurrent and significantly impacts quality of life, yet its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Management includes intranasal steroids, short courses of systemic corticosteroids, surgery for refractory cases, and biologics. However, despite these treatment options, disease control remains challenging. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with worse clinical outcomes, while supplementation studies show promise in improving symptoms in deficient patients. Emerging research suggests that vitamin D modulates immunity, fibroblast activity, and epithelial integrity, potentially contributing to CRSwNP pathogenesis, though the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This review synthesizes current research on vitamin D\u2019s role in systemic and local inflammation in CRSwNP. By highlighting its potential therapeutic implications, this work aims to guide future research and inform clinical practice. Additionally, it may serve as a foundation for understanding the broader impact of vitamin D deficiency in sinonasal diseases and other atopic conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T06:52:56Z","timestamp":1743749576000},"page":"2467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Vitamin D and Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps: A Narrative Review and Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Adrien","family":"Philippart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Saint-Jean Clinics, Boulevard du Jardin Botanique 32, 1000 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Catholic University of Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5710-4711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Eloy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, CHU UCL Namur, Site de Godinne, Avenue Th\u00e9rasse, 1, 5534 Yvoir, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Position Paper on Nasal Polyps","volume":"45","author":"Fokkens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22741","article-title":"International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Rhinosinusitis 2021","volume":"11","author":"Orlandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. 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