{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T23:06:25Z","timestamp":1787785585988,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Effective pain management following thoracic surgery remains challenging yet crucial for optimal patient outcomes. This literature review compares the efficacy, safety, and clinical outcomes of different perioperative analgesia methods in thoracic surgery patients, focusing on paravertebral block (PVB), intercostal nerve block (ICNB), epidural analgesia (EPI), erector spinae plane block (ESPB), and patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Methods: A systematic search was conducted across medical databases, yielding ten relevant randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses. Results: The evidence indicates that paravertebral block provides superior pain control with lower opioid requirements, fewer adverse events, and higher patient satisfaction compared to other methods. While epidural analgesia offers pain control comparable to PVB, it is associated with higher technical failure rates and side effects, including urinary retention, nausea\/vomiting, and hypotension. ICNB and ESPB demonstrate efficacy superior to systemic analgesia but generally inferior to PVB in terms of pain scores and opioid consumption. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for individualized approaches to perioperative pain management in thoracic surgery, with paravertebral block emerging as a preferred option due to its favorable efficacy and safety profile.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T05:30:59Z","timestamp":1744003859000},"page":"2484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Perioperative Analgesia Methods in Thoracic Surgery: A Literature Systemic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9754-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fahim","family":"Kanani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rijini","family":"Nugzar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesia, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mordechai","family":"Shimonov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2630-9546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Firas Abu","family":"Akar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000333274.63501.ff","article-title":"A systematic review of randomized trials evaluating regional techniques for postthoracotomy analgesia","volume":"107","author":"Joshi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesth. 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