{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:06:53Z","timestamp":1760058413809,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medtronic Sofamor Danek Inc."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) affects sit-to-stand (STS) transitions due to abnormal spinal alignment, influencing muscle function. This study investigated lower-extremity electromyographic activity and kinematic parameters during STS transitions in ASD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with ASD patients scheduled for corrective surgery. The STS task was divided into three phases, and electromyographic activity, temporal parameters, and joint kinematics were compared between ASD patients and controls. Surface electromyography measured muscle activity, and a high-speed camera recorded phase durations and joint movements. Results: Compared to 17 controls, 17 ASD patients exhibited significantly increased %MVIC (ASD, controls, p-value) in the biceps femoris during the flexion momentum phase (23.7 \u00b1 26.5, 12.3 \u00b1 8.6, p = 0.048) and extension phase (48.6 \u00b1 25.8, 32.8 \u00b1 40.5, p = 0.011), and in the soleus during the flexion momentum phase (16.2 \u00b1 7.5, 8.5 \u00b1 2.9, p = 0.001). The ASD group also showed greater joint motion and longer phase durations during STS transitions. Conclusions: ASD patients display increased lower limb muscle activation, prolonged phase durations, and more joint motion during STS transitions. These findings highlight neuromuscular and biomechanical differences, though whether these are pathological, adaptive, or compensatory remains unclear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T10:06:28Z","timestamp":1744020388000},"page":"2514","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparing Electromyographic Muscle Activities and Kinematics During Sit-to-Stand Transitions in Patients with Adult Spinal Deformity Versus Healthy Controls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yukako","family":"Hayamizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tojun Hospital, Jiseikai, Social Medical Corporation, Tokyo 121-0075, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3468-2794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuyuki","family":"Nagafusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kumi","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5837-3350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaaki","family":"Nagashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuya","family":"Yamauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Go","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Banno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Arima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Oe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Matsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4701-8211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Yamato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 433-3192, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000160842.43482.cd","article-title":"Adult scoliosis: Prevalence, SF-36, and nutritional parameters in an elderly volunteer population","volume":"30","author":"Schwab","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000953","article-title":"The aging of the global population: The changing epidemiology of disease and spinal 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