{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:34:09Z","timestamp":1790555649225,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Victor Babe\u0219 University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timi\u0219oara","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare, life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) characterized by complement dysregulation, leading to microvascular thrombosis and multi-organ injury. TMAs are defined by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and organ dysfunction caused by small-vessel thrombosis. Unlike thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, which results from severe ADAMTS13 deficiency, aHUS is driven by uncontrolled activation of the alternative complement pathway. While the kidneys are most frequently affected, other vital organs can also be involved. Genetic susceptibility contributes significantly to disease risk, but a trigger such as infection, pregnancy or autoimmune disease is usually required. Diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping features with other TMAs and relies on exclusion and complement testing. C5 inhibitors, such as eculizumab and ravulizumab, have revolutionized treatment but necessitate prophylactic vaccination and ongoing clinical surveillance. While these therapies provide effective disease control, discontinuing treatment remains complex, especially in patients with complement gene mutations. New therapies targeting various points in the complement cascade are under investigation and may offer safer, more cost-effective options. Progress in genetic profiling and biomarker discovery is essential for earlier diagnosis, individualized therapy and relapse prevention. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of aHUS pathophysiology, clinical features and evolving therapeutic strategies aimed at improving patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14072527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T20:43:17Z","timestamp":1745440997000},"page":"2527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Review of Complement Dysregulation, Genetic Susceptibility and Multiorgan Involvement"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9963-561X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Razvan-George","family":"Bogdan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"County Clinical Emergency Hospital Pius Branzeu, 300723 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Anderco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9111-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Ichim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9530-022X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anca-Maria","family":"Cimpean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Bogdan","family":"Todor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihai","family":"Glaja-Iliescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"County Clinical Emergency Hospital Pius Branzeu, 300723 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2880-7485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zorin Petrisor","family":"Crainiceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania"},{"name":"County Clinical Emergency Hospital Pius Branzeu, 300723 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirela Livia","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, \u201cLucian Blaga\u201d University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2019.11.004","article-title":"Typical and Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in the Critically Ill","volume":"36","author":"Peerapornratana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. 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