{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:35:43Z","timestamp":1791333343394,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The objective is to systematically review evidence from clinical and epidemiological studies for or against an association between essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Methods: A literature search in PubMed (February 2025) used several combinations of keywords. Thirty-three studies (1960\u20132023) were identified. Results: The best available data are derived from a population-based study in Spain, followed by a cohort study in the US. Each of these prospective studies provided evidence that ET is a risk factor for PD, with elevated risks of ~4\u20135. In cross-sectional studies, in which the proportion of PD cases with ET has been reported, the weight of evidence demonstrates an association between ET and PD. In 16 (88.9%) of 18 family studies, the odds ratios or hazards ratios are elevated\u2014i.e., there is considerable evidence that ET is over-represented in PD families and, conversely, PD is over-represented in ET families. Conclusions: A comprehensive review of published data strongly supports an association between ET and PD and, more specifically, provides evidence that ET is a risk factor for PD. Seven of nine review articles (and six of seven non-commissioned review articles) have concluded that there is an association between these two degenerative diseases. The \u201ccontroversy\u201d that surrounds the ET\u2013PD association is more of a repeated myth than a well-informed reality. As a field, it would be more productive to finally move beyond uniformed debate and focus our efforts on attempts to elucidate the basis for the association to which the data are repeatedly pointing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14082637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1744365951000},"page":"2637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Association Between Essential Tremor and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Epidemiological Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Elan D.","family":"Louis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8813, USA"},{"name":"Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8813, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.229740","article-title":"Estimating annual rate of decline: Prospective, longitudinal data on arm tremor severity in two groups of essential tremor cases","volume":"82","author":"Louis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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