{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T21:06:34Z","timestamp":1765487194709,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Ministry of Health\u2014Ricerca Corrente"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: This study compared metabolic syndrome (MetS) features in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) to those in age-, BMI-, and gender-matched subjects with essential obesity (EOB). Methods: Thirty-two PWS patients (23 females, 9 males; median age 31.6 years; BMI 42.0 kg\/m2) underwent several assessments, including anthropometric measurements, body composition via bio-impedance analysis, basal metabolic rate (BMR) using indirect calorimetry, and blood sampling. Results: Their data were compared to a matched EOB group (23 females, 9 males; median age 31.4 years; BMI 43.5 kg\/m2). The study groups (PWS and EOB) were subsequently divided into two subgroups based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria for the definition of MetS. Results showed that individuals with PWS had significantly lower (p &lt; 0.001) body weight (BW, \u221220.9%), height (\u22128.9%), fat-free mass (FFM, \u221223.5%), and fat mass (FM, \u221219.2%) in absolute terms compared to EOB subjects. However, the relative percentages of FFM and FM were similar. Absolute BMR was 25.5% (p &lt; 0.001) lower in the PWS group; however, this difference disappeared when adjusted for FFM or body weight (BW). Metabolic outcomes were broadly similar between the groups, except for higher fasting glucose (+7.3%) and HbA1c levels (+7.9%), and lower fasting insulin (\u221229.0%) in PWS patients. Conclusions: Moreover, PWS subjects exhibited higher total cholesterol (+9.6%) and HDL-cholesterol (+19.8%), suggesting a more favourable lipid profile and no extra risk beyond severe obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14082646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T04:42:07Z","timestamp":1744605727000},"page":"2646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Body Composition, Basal Metabolic Rate and Metabolic Outcomes of Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome and Age- and BMI-Matched Patients with Essential Obesity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0067-2221","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Lazzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6628-7938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Adapted Motor Activity (LAMA), Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"National PhD Programme in One Health Approaches to Infectious Diseases and Life Science Research, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"D\u2019Alleva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2122-3794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Zaccaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37124 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9340-3434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Stafuzza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9368-2220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Rejc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"},{"name":"School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9145-5400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adele","family":"Bondesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Caroli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1227-1747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Frigerio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Abbruzzese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrica","family":"Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Eating and Nutrition Disorders, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4708-2544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graziano","family":"Grugni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9620-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sartorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Laboratory for 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