{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T16:17:13Z","timestamp":1777738633449,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"G. Baum Foundation"},{"name":"Tel-Aviv Clinic"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Neutrophils are key innate immune cells in peripheral blood. In recent years, sub-populations of neutrophils have been identified. In addition to the normal-density neutrophils (NDNs) in both healthy subjects and patients, low-density neutrophils (LDNs) were described in chronic inflammation and cancer. In lung transplants (LTx), neutrophils play crucial roles in reperfusion injury, acute rejection, and chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Our pilot study examines neutrophil subsets and function in LTx recipients during the first post-transplant year. Methods: We collected blood from 11 LTx recipients at various intervals. LDNs and normal-density neutrophils (NDNs) were isolated. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NDNs was measured after PMA activation using a Luminol-HRP assay. Neutrophil phenotypic markers were analyzed with flow cytometry. Results: The LDN-to-NDN ratio increased at 3 and 6 months post-transplant. Expression levels of CD62-L (aging marker), PDL-1 (immune checkpoint), CD15 (maturation), and CXCR4 (homeostasis regulator) showed modulation. Interestingly, ROS production by NDNs was mildly elevated at baseline, reduced at 6 months, and returned to baseline levels by 9 months post-transplant. Conclusions: Neutrophils exhibit dynamic changes in the first post-LTx year. Investigating neutrophil plasticity could reveal clinically relevant biomarkers and facilitate the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools in LTx.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14082660","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T04:42:07Z","timestamp":1744605727000},"page":"2660","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dynamic Neutrophil Subsets and Function in Lung Transplant Recipients: Insights from a One-Year Longitudinal Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Naomi","family":"Kaisar-Iluz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hadassah Medical Center, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merav E.","family":"Shaul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hadassah Medical Center, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3357-1008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ofir","family":"Deri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheba Lung Transplant Program, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0169-4895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ella","family":"Huszti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Research Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7567-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Peled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheba Lung Transplant Program, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2964-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yael","family":"Bezalel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheba Lung Transplant Program, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6122-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zvi G.","family":"Fridlender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hadassah Medical Center, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6368-8015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liran","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sheba Lung Transplant Program, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1617424","article-title":"Acute Cellular Rejection: Is It Still Relevant?","volume":"39","author":"Koutsokera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. 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