{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T21:01:46Z","timestamp":1777410106843,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: T-prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare lymphoid neoplasm with particularly poor prognosis. Although it is no longer recognized as a distinct entity by the World Health Organization (WHO), B-prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) comprises conditions with unfavorable outcomes. Both diseases most frequently affect patients in the seventh decade of their lives. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) significantly improves outcomes for selected PLL cases, as shown by several, mostly retrospective, analyses. Methods: In this article, we provide a review of existing PLL analyses, followed by a summary of cases treated at our center. We describe outcomes of six T-PLL and three B-PLL cases receiving alloHSCT at our institution between 2015 and 2022. Results: Despite a post-transplant 4-year cumulative relapse incidence of 61% in our T-PLL series, the median OS was 78 months, because relapse therapy was remarkably successful. All B-PLL patients are alive and relapse-free, with a median follow-up of 54 (range of 11\u201374) months. A poor pre-transplant Karnofsky performance status (KPS) (\u2264 80%) and an HCT comorbidity index (HCT-CI) of \u22653 were significantly associated with post-transplant mortality. Conclusions: The comparatively favorable outcomes in our case series underline the increasing value of alloHSCT in PLL in the current era, as it offers a prospect of cure in selected patients with otherwise very poor prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14082816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]],"date-time":"2025-04-20T20:24:16Z","timestamp":1745180656000},"page":"2816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Prolymphocytic Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Groiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Kreissl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9649-5850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Strassl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dagmar","family":"Wipplinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Milanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology 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Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7369-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Buxhofer-Ausch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Machherndl-Spandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michaela","family":"Binder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Nikoloudis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology with Stem Cell Transplantation, Hemostaseology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Ordensklinikum Linz Elisabethinen, Fadingerstrasse 1, 4020 Linz, Austria"},{"name":"Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Girschikofsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of 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