{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T09:45:02Z","timestamp":1792835102383,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: It is a well-established fact that late-life depression represents a significant public health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries experiencing rapid demographic aging. Although its clinical and societal impacts are well-recognized, data on the interplay between depressive symptoms and functional status in older populations remain limited for T\u00fcrkiye. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression among individuals aged 65 years or older, examine its associations with instrumental and basic activities of daily living, and identify key sociodemographic and behavioral correlates. Methods: In this study, data obtained from a population-based survey in 2264 clusters by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TUIK) were used, and weighted data were yielded from 6,036,396 adults aged 65 and over. Depression was measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), categorizing participants as \u201cnot depressed\u201d, \u201cmildly depressed\u201d, or \u201cseverely depressed\u201d. Functional status was evaluated using the Lawton\u2013Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale and the Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Scale. Logistic regression models, adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), were used to determine the associations of depression with functional impairment and various covariates, including gender, education, marital status, chronic disease, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use. Results: Overall, the prevalence of depression in this cohort was 49.9% [95% CI = 48.7\u201351%], with 36.0% [95% CI = 34.8\u201337.0%] classified as mild and 13.9% [95% CI = 13.1\u201314.7%] as severe depression. IADL and ADL scores were negatively correlated with GDS scores (r = \u22120.416 and r = \u22120.321, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). In logistic models, lower IADL scores were linked to higher odds of mild (OR = 0.797, 95% CI = [0.796\u20130.798], p &lt; 0.001) and severe depression (OR = 0.689, 95% CI = [0.688\u20130.690], p &lt; 0.001). Being semi-dependent or dependent in ADL further escalated depression risk. Female gender, lower education, single\/divorced status, chronic disease, and inactivity also emerged as strong predictors. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that depression is highly prevalent among older adults in T\u00fcrkiye, with functional impairment, unfavorable health behaviors, and sociodemographic vulnerabilities heightening risk. Integrating depression screening into geriatric care\u2014alongside interventions to maintain functional independence\u2014may help mitigate the burden of late-life depression in similar contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14082853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T20:38:26Z","timestamp":1745267906000},"page":"2853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Epidemiological Assessment of Depression, Activities of Daily Living and Associated Factors in Elderly Individuals Aged 65 Years and Older: Evidence from a Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0492-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet Emin","family":"Arayici","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8583-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Kose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suleyman","family":"Dolu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eyl\u00fcl University, Inciralti-Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2448-9037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sema","family":"Gultekin Arayici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7368-2653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gizem","family":"Gedik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir 35040, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beyza Nur","family":"Kilic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Atilim University, Incek, Ankara 06830, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozum","family":"Erkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Izmir Democracy University, Karabaglar, Izmir 35140, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12506","article-title":"Population Aging, Demographic Metabolism, and the Rising Tide of Late Middle Age to Older Adult Loneliness Around the World","volume":"48","author":"Newmyer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Popul. 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