{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T11:41:21Z","timestamp":1784115681328,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Oradea"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Depression is associated with an increased risk for the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. This research investigated the association between depressive symptoms and inflammation in the development of atherosclerotic coronary events. Methods: This retrospective observational study included 276 patients who were not previously diagnosed with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease at the beginning of the research. Participants were categorized using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID) into two groups: the depression group and the control group. Inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), and cortisol) were measured at the beginning of the study, as well as at six months, one year, and two years. Results: Among patients with mild depression (17.3% vs. 4.2%) or moderate depression (15.4% vs. 6.7%), there were significantly more men than women, while among patients with very severe depression, there were significantly more women than men (21.7% vs. 11.5%). Participants with depression showed significantly higher increases at 2 years compared to baseline for all investigated parameters (p &lt; 0.001). Depressed patients were significantly associated with an acute coronary syndrome (p = 0.038). Conclusions: This research highlights that individuals with depression face a greater risk of developing an acute coronary syndrome than those without depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14092946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T09:26:58Z","timestamp":1745486818000},"page":"2946","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Exploring the Connection Between Depression, Inflammatory Biomarkers, and Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4526-9076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marius","family":"Rus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Bihor Clinical Emergency Hospital, 410169 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6456-5770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian Nicolae","family":"Sava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana Ioana","family":"Ardelean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgeta","family":"Pasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psycho Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5670-3456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia Liana","family":"Andronie-Cioara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psycho Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simina","family":"Crisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, \u201cVictor Babes\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu Sq., 300041 Timisoara, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Teodora","family":"Judea Pusta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphological Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8531-9092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalina Ioana","family":"Guler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1161\/hh2101.099270","article-title":"Novel Clinical Markers of Vascular Wall Inflammation","volume":"89","author":"Blake","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ. 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