{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T21:20:03Z","timestamp":1776547203064,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The purpose of this study is to assess how the socio\u2013family demographic status of patients is related to the onset of delirium in a large cohort of older adults aged \u226565 years evaluated in the emergency department (ED) using a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). Methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study conducted in the ED of a teaching hospital. We enrolled 2770 geriatric patients admitted to the ED from January 2019 to December 2023 and evaluated them using CGA. Clinical variables assessed in the ED were evaluated for associations with delirium onset and in-hospital mortality. Results: Delirium was statistically related to frailty statuses as measured via the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) (OR 1.47 [1.39\u20131.56]; p &lt; 0.001). The occurrence of delirium was also associated with living arrangements: \u201cliving with other relatives\u201d condition (OR 1.43 [1.12\u20131.83]; p = 0.004) and residence in a nursing home (OR 1.72 [1.30\u20132.31]; p &lt; 0.001). In addition, compared to patients in emergency conditions (NEWS &gt; 5), it emerges that patients with better clinical stability have a lower risk of developing delirium (NEWS 3\u20135 OR 0.604 [0.48\u20130.75]; p &lt; 0.001\u2014NEWS &lt; 3 OR 0.42 [0.34\u20130.53]; p &lt; 0.001). In-hospital mortality was associated with age, male sex, frailty status, clinical instability, and the onset of delirium in the ED. Conclusions: Delirium is a multifactorial and acute syndrome representing a negative prognostic factor of in-hospital mortality, especially in elderly patients. Independent of the clinical condition, the patient\u2019s living arrangement could be of relevance to the onset of delirium in the ED. Early comprehensive geriatric assessments in the ED could allow the early detection of all predisposing risk factors, resulting in the timely implementation of supportive strategies to prevent the onset of delirium in EDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14092948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T10:17:16Z","timestamp":1745489836000},"page":"2948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Impact of Living Arrangements on Delirium in Older ED Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2475-0925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-4776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Salini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1415-3310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Carbone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli Isola Tiberina, Gemelli-Isola, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5703-8737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Piccioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco Pio","family":"Fontanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiorella","family":"Ambrosio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Massaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Della Polla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2982-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"De Matteis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Franceschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Landi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6709-2531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Covino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2012.0951","article-title":"Population aging and emergency departments: Visits will not increase, lengths-of-stay and hospitalizations will","volume":"32","author":"Pallin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Aff."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2020-209514","article-title":"Improving outcomes for older people in the emergency department: A review of reviews","volume":"38","author":"Preston","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. 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