{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:11:48Z","timestamp":1760058708108,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: In this retrospective study, we performed a volumetric analysis of paranasal cavity pneumatization in a population of adult patients with cystic fibrosis compared to healthy controls, providing parcel evaluation of each sinus, and analyzing the prevalence of major anatomical sinonasal variants in the two groups. Methods: We compared paranasal sinus volumes of 89 adult patients with cystic fibrosis and 144 healthy controls who underwent paranasal sinus computed tomography. Volumes were segmented and extracted on tomographic images using the freely available software MRIcron 2019, then compared using a t-test; the z-score test was used to determine whether the two groups differ significantly in terms of major anatomical variants prevalence. Results: Overall sinus volumes in patients with cystic fibrosis patients differ significantly as compared to the healthy population (p &lt; 0.00001). Furthermore, with the only exception of ethmoid sinus pneumatization, which was similar in both populations, all the other sinuses were statistically different. No significant difference emerged concerning anatomical variants\u2019 prevalence. Conclusions: Our results further stress the impact of cystic fibrosis on sinus structure in adult patients, better revealing the consequences of the disease on upper airways and in optimizing the management of patients with sinonasal manifestations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14092977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T08:02:57Z","timestamp":1745568177000},"page":"2977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Paranasal Sinus Hypoplasia and Sinonasal Anatomical Variants in Cystic Fibrosis Adult Patients: A Computed- Tomography-Based Volumetric Comparison with Healthy Controls"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2256-7281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Russo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4482-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella Miriam","family":"Di Lullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnology, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Otorhinolaryngology, San Pio Hospital, Via Pacevecchia 53, 82100 Benevento, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7811-4612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Ugga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, P.zza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8968-4725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Cavaliere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatologic Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4745-3061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Tortora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1452-1574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Cuocolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via Salvator Allende 43, 84081 Baronissi, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gisella","family":"Nele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery \u201cBody&Mind Center\u201d, 80123 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4381-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdinando","family":"Caranci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, P.zza L. Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Briganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Castaldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEINGE-Advanced Biotechnology, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-7096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Elefante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples \u201cFederico II\u201d, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12567-6","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis","volume":"361","author":"Ratjen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15155","article-title":"Cystic fibrosis in the year 2020: A disease with a new face","volume":"109","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2481","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29404","article-title":"The Risks of Complications During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery in Cystic Fibrosis Patients: An Anatomical and Endoscopic Study","volume":"131","author":"Maggiore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-014-3446-z","article-title":"Nasal endoscopy and paranasal sinus computerised tomography (CT) findings in an Irish cystic fibrosis adult patient group","volume":"272","author":"Casserly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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