{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T04:57:20Z","timestamp":1784869040876,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Thoracic ultrasound (TUS) has emerged as a viable alternative of computed tomography (CT) for pneumothorax diagnosis. Ultrasound elastography (USE), a technique assessing tissue elasticity, has recently been proposed as a novel tool for pneumothorax evaluation. Methods: This prospective, monocentric, observational study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of static and dynamic USE with TUS in detecting iatrogenic pneumothorax after CT-guided transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA). Results: Thirty-two patients were enrolled, with pneumothorax confirmed via CT in 40.63% of cases. The results showed that elastographic-mode images had significantly higher sensitivity (76.9% vs. 21.2%, p &lt; 0.001) and improved positive and negative predictive values (67.8% vs. 52.4%, p-value 0.01, 82.6% vs. 61.7%, p-value &lt; 0.001, respectively), compared to B-mode images. Concordance between expert and non-expert evaluators was also higher for elastographic images, suggesting improved interpretability. However, dynamic USE did not demonstrate a statistically significant advantage over B-mode videos. Conclusions: These findings suggest that USE may enhance static ultrasound-based pneumothorax detection and provide an objective imaging marker for reports. Further multicenter studies are needed to confirm these findings and explore the potential role of USE in other settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14092978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T08:57:47Z","timestamp":1745571467000},"page":"2978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Elastography Versus B-Mode Lung Ultrasound for the Diagnosis of Iatrogenic Pneumothorax: An Observational, Monocentric, Prospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7114-7702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Piero","family":"Bandelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4849-2747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilaria","family":"Bassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alma Mater Studiorum, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Respiratory and Critical Care Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3306-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Zanforlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of Pulmonology, Health District of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Teaching Hospital of Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversit\u00e4t, 39100 Bolzano-Bozen, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2843-9966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Inchingolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UOC Pneumologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6429-6598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Ferioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cipolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Thoracic Surgery, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna Johanna","family":"De Grauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Unit, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital, 47121 Forl\u00ec, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9853-3881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4933-6597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Galasso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0913-8922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Natali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Abbate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Buia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Adult CardioThoracic and Vascular, Oncohematologic and Emergency Radiology Unit, UOC di Radiologia, Radiologia Cardiovascolare, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Attin\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Adult CardioThoracic and Vascular, Oncohematologic and Emergency Radiology Unit, UOC di Radiologia, Radiologia Cardiovascolare, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Niro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Adult CardioThoracic and Vascular, Oncohematologic and Emergency Radiology Unit, UOC di Radiologia, Radiologia Cardiovascolare, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luciana","family":"Ingraldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Adult CardioThoracic and Vascular, Oncohematologic and Emergency Radiology Unit, UOC di Radiologia, Radiologia Cardiovascolare, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4245-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Nardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Statistics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2177-186X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Lovato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric and Adult CardioThoracic and Vascular, Oncohematologic and Emergency Radiology Unit, UOC di Radiologia, Radiologia Cardiovascolare, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0381-9313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piero","family":"Candoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional Pulmonology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccm.2021.08.007","article-title":"Pneumothorax: Classification and Etiology","volume":"42","author":"Huan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. 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