{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:11:59Z","timestamp":1760058719659,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Models of second-phase cardiac rehabilitation (CR) following myocardial infarction (MI) differ across countries. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes in MI survivors participating in outpatient and inpatient CR programs. Methods: All patients hospitalized for acute MI in Poland between October 2017 and December 2018 (n = 96,634) were included in the study. Among them, 4411 patients were referred to and commenced outpatient CR, whereas 11,626 patients started inpatient CR within 30 days following discharge. Results: The mean follow-up period was 332.8 \u00b1 128.1 days. Younger age, male sex, and a history of cancer were associated with a higher probability of participating in outpatient CR, whereas diabetes, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ST-elevation MI, and myocardial revascularization were associated with a lower likelihood of outpatient CR participation. Participation in outpatient CR was linked to a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, in both univariable (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.37 [0.26\u20130.51]) and multivariable analyses (0.53 [0.38\u20130.74]). Outpatient CR was also associated with a lower risk of death, MI, or stroke (0.57 [0.48\u20130.67] in univariable analysis and 0.72 [0.61\u20130.84] in multivariable analysis), as well as a lower risk of death or cardiovascular hospitalization (0.78 [0.73\u20130.84] and 0.85 [0.80\u20130.91], respectively). Conclusions: Outpatient CR following MI tends to occur alongside a better prognosis compared to inpatient programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14093007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T09:39:47Z","timestamp":1745833187000},"page":"3007","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of Inpatient and Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Following Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6223-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Jankowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Centre of Postgraduate, School of Public Health, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Top\u00f3r-M\u0105dry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krak\u00f3w, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Kozie\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cie\u015bla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1300-7370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Urszula","family":"Ceg\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Centre of Postgraduate, School of Public Health, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-7383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Burzy\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Eysymontt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Silesian Centre of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Prevention, 43-450 Ustron, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rados\u0142aw","family":"Sierpi\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Health Policy and Research on Health Inequalities\u2014Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1015-9643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Pinkas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, School of Public Health, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariusz","family":"G\u0105sior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.33963\/KP.a2022.0058","article-title":"Management and predictors of clinical events in 75 686 patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"80","author":"Jankowski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pol. 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