{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:45:34Z","timestamp":1793936734381,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Among the leading causes of work-related disability, musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) profoundly affect productivity and quality of life. Workplace changes, equipment adjustments, and training courses, among other ergonomic interventions, seek to lower the frequency and degree of MSDs. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated whether ergonomic interventions help prevent and control MSDs in various workplace environments. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify relevant studies. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated ergonomic interventions against conventional conditions. Effect sizes were computed using mean differences and pooled using a random-effects model in case of heterogeneity. A uniform Excel sheet was used for data extraction. Revman software (Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used for statistical analysis. Results: This meta-analysis included 24 RCTs with 4086 workers with different occupations. A meta-analysis of 10 included studies demonstrated lower pain intensity with a mean difference in VAS score between ergonomic interventions and the control group of \u22120.28 (95%CI: \u22120.43, \u22120.14, p = 0.0001). Also, there was a significant reduction in reported MSD-related pain in the lower back with ergonomic interventions with an OR 0.53 (95%CI: 0.40\u20130.70, p &lt; 0.00001). Moreover, there were statistically significant results for ergonomic interventions in the upper back, ankles, wrists, and neck. In contrast, there were no significant improvements in the thighs, arms, knees, shoulders, and elbows. Conclusions: Our findings support implementing ergonomic strategies as a practical approach to reducing work-related MSDs. However, further research is needed to improve intervention design and long-term effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14093034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T09:39:47Z","timestamp":1745833187000},"page":"3034","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Efficacy of Ergonomic Interventions on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0617-5939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiner","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Doctoral School, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"},{"name":"Local Health Unit Litoral Alentejano (ULSLA), 7540-230 Santiago do Cac\u00e9m, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Industrial Engineering, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2475-8591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Isidoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Rua Pedro Soares, Campus do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC-CIEQV), 2001-964 Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Lorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankle and Foot Surgery Unit, Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5300-2331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Beja, Rua Pedro Soares, Campus do Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Beja, 7800-295 Beja, Portugal"},{"name":"Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC-CIEQV), 2001-964 Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5166-198X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Mariscal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, 46001 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3342-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Benlloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente M\u00e1rtir, 46001 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Lorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Badajoz, 06010 Badajoz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/ajim.20750","article-title":"Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders: A systematic review of recent longitudinal studies","volume":"53","author":"Vieira","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. 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