{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:50:57Z","timestamp":1787028657574,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: In maxillo-facial high-velocity complex war injuries, a rigid internal fixation is inappropriate, and external fixation is suitable with described benefits. This systematic review aimed to summarize the literature regarding the benefits, side effects and complications of external fixators in the management of mandibular war-related injuries. Methods: An electronic search was performed in the databases of PubMed and Google Scholar in December 2024. The title and abstracts from retrieved items were read by two reviewers to identify studies within the selection criteria. Included articles had to be published in English up to December 2024 and related to external fixators used in mandibular fracture war injuries. Results: The search strategy initially identified 445 studies through PubMed and 987 studies through Google Scholar. Following the application of inclusion criteria, 12 articles were selected for this review, describing the use of an external fixator for a mandibular fracture in a war injury. Conclusions: The external fixator offers effective treatment for severe mandibular fractures in war-related injuries with low rates of complications and high success rates. Where a manufacturer external fixator is not available, orthopedic external fixators and self-crafted external fixators are used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14093061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T05:17:12Z","timestamp":1745903832000},"page":"3061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Use of External Fixator Device for Mandible Fracture Related to War Injury: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0601-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franck","family":"Masumbuko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Maxillofacial and Reconstructive Surgery, Surgery Department, H\u00f4pital Provincial G\u00e9n\u00e9ral de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence de Bukavu, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu 285, Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Lab (OMFS Lab), Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7674-1150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory","family":"Reychler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Kin\u00e9sith\u00e9rapie et Ergoth\u00e9rapie, Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3033-7408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Cornu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedics and Musculoskeletal Trauma, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Huart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT), Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Cyr","family":"Yombi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine and Infectious diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2211-7731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael","family":"Olszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Lab (OMFS Lab), Neuro Musculo Skeletal Lab (NMSK), Institut de Recherche Exp\u00e9rimentale et Clinique (IREC), Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Perioperative Dentistry, L. Rydygiera Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1700799","article-title":"The role of external fixation in trauma and reconstruction of the mandible in the age of rigid fixation","volume":"35","author":"Kazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Facial Plast. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(03)00249-0","article-title":"Treatment considerations for comminuted mandibular fractures","volume":"61","author":"Ellis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. 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