{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T22:04:23Z","timestamp":1779401063686,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The optimal timing of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) application in acute respiratory failure patients remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of HFNC on the outcomes of patients with acute respiratory failure, focusing on its use after extubation. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study enrolled adult acute respiratory failure patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation during the first major outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan from April to July 2021. Endpoints included prognosis after extubation as 28-day post-extubation mortality. Results: Among the patients, 107 received HFNC before intubation and 461 received conventional oxygen therapy (COT). Pre-intubation HFNC failure did not significantly affect hospital mortality but was associated with prolonged durations of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay. Among 375 patients who underwent planned extubation, 158 received post-extubation HFNC and 217 received COT. HFNC application after extubation was associated with significantly reduced post-extubation 28-day mortality compared with COT. Conclusions: HFNC application after extubation is associated with reduced post-extubation 28-day mortality risks in acute respiratory failure patients who received planned extubation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14093087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T05:50:17Z","timestamp":1745992217000},"page":"3087","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["High-Flow Nasal Cannula Application After Extubation in Acute Respiratory Failure Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6345-2947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chi","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3894-8748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shen-Yung","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0192-6967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hou-Tai","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220216, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9065-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Lin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231016, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7020-1180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien-Hua","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2803-980X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuang-Yao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4123-0967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shih-Chi","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8777-1638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuo-Chin","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2114-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chieh-Jen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.01681","article-title":"Heated and humidified high-flow oxygen therapy reduces discomfort during hypoxemic respiratory failure","volume":"57","author":"Cuquemelle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Respir. 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