{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:55:13Z","timestamp":1791392113731,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), historically referred to as \u201csleep apnea syndrome\u201d, particularly obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), is an independent risk factor for hypertension (HTN), stroke, heart failure, arrhythmias, and other cardiovascular disorders. Despite the well-established link between OSA and HTN and its high occurrence in cardiovascular disorders, the focus on the complex OSA\u2013HTN axis is often overlooked or inadequately managed, which might explain the lack of notable improvements in cardiovascular outcomes for this patient population. Understanding the complex relationship between OSA and HTN is crucial due to its significant implications for clinical practice and public health. Methods: Using an expanded list of relevant MeSH terms, including \u201csleep-disordered breathing\u201d and \u201csleep apnea syndrome\u201d, and following the PRISMA model, peer-reviewed articles were systematically selected. Studies published from January 2000 through December 2024 were identified and screened based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: This review emphasizes both OSA\u2019s independent and interaction effects on cardiovascular health and outcomes across different populations. It identifies key factors mediating the association between OSA and HTN. Conclusions: Multimodal management, including continuous positive airway pressure and lifestyle modification, is essential for treating hypertension related to OSA. Effective management of the OSA\u2013HTN relationship is vital to improving cardiovascular outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14093115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T09:16:12Z","timestamp":1746090972000},"page":"3115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Hypertension\u2014A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8370-5764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman","family":"Battisha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 201 Abraham Flexner Way, Suite 600, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6354-3223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amrit","family":"Kahlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 201 Abraham Flexner Way, Suite 600, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5254-4067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh K.","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, 201 Abraham Flexner Way, Suite 600, Louisville, KY 40202, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.02.059","article-title":"Interactions of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with the Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease, Part","volume":"84","author":"Javaheri","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. 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