{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T16:09:22Z","timestamp":1783181362409,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746489600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Left bundle branch block (LBBB), initially described in the early 20th century, has become increasingly recognized as one of the leading causes of advanced heart failure (HF). In addition to rapidly growing data on guideline-directed medical therapy, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) via transvenous coronary sinus lead has been the gold-standard therapy, but one-third of the indicated patients do not receive the expected benefits. Recently, cardiac conduction system pacing (CSP) was identified as an alternative to traditional CRT strategy, and multiple data have been published during the last few years. This review will discuss the diagnostic criteria of LBBB and its relation to the development of HF and review available data for traditional CRT as well as CSP in depth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14093212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]],"date-time":"2025-05-06T09:08:56Z","timestamp":1746522536000},"page":"3212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Conduction System Pacing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Thomas Garvey","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0190-7555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Tsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhupendar","family":"Tayal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Arkansas Medical Center, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.11.010","article-title":"Defining Left Bundle Branch Block in the Era of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy","volume":"107","author":"Strauss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. 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