{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T08:35:49Z","timestamp":1778056549293,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS)"},{"name":"Pfizer"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: To assess the association between apixaban use and the risk of stroke\/systemic embolism (SE) and major bleeding (MB) compared with other anticoagulants (OACs) across demographic and socio-economic subgroups in the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods: The study included adult NVAF patients initiating OAC treatment between 2013 and 2019 in the Medicare database. Inverse probability treatment weighted Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess stroke\/SE and MB outcomes across various subgroups. Results: Overall, the adjusted risks of stroke\/SE and MB were lower for apixaban compared with warfarin (stroke\/SE: HR, 0.69, [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65\u20130.74], MB: 0.59 [95% CI: 0.57\u20130.60]), rivaroxaban (stroke\/SE: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.84\u20130.92], MB: 0.60 [95% CI: 0.58\u20130.61]) and dabigatran (stroke\/SE: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.80\u20130.95], MB: 0.76 [95% CI: 0.72\u20130.80]). Among the low socio-economic status (SES) group, apixaban was associated with lower risk vs. warfarin (stroke\/SE: 0.73 [95% CI: 0.69\u20130.77], MB: 0.60 [95% CI: 0.57\u20130.62]) and rivaroxaban (stroke\/SE: 0.88 [95% CI: 0.83\u20130.94], MB: 0.61 [95% CI: 0.59\u20130.63]). Among medium SES patients, apixaban was associated with lower risk vs. warfarin (stroke\/SE: 0.67 [95% CI: 0.63\u20130.71] MB: 0.60 [95% CI: 0.58\u20130.63]), rivaroxaban (stroke\/SE: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.79\u20130.91], MB: 0.59 [95% CI: 0.56\u20130.61]) and dabigatran (stroke\/SE: 0.85 [95% CI: 0.73\u20130.99], MB: 0.77 [95% CI: 0.70\u20130.84]). Apixaban was also associated with lower risks of stroke\/SE and MB compared with other OACs among most other demographic, socio-economic subgroups. Conclusions: Apixaban was associated with lower risk of stroke\/SE and MB than warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran across most demographic, socio-economic subgroups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14093252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T11:46:19Z","timestamp":1746618379000},"page":"3252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Demographic and Socio-Economic Disparities in the Outcomes Among Patients with NVAF Treated with Oral Anticoagulants: A Real-World Evaluation of Medicare Beneficiaries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6953-3372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nipun","family":"Atreja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anandkumar","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Monal","family":"Kohli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STATinMED LLC, Dallas, TX 75240, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gideon","family":"Aweh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STATinMED LLC, Dallas, TX 75240, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shayna","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STATinMED LLC, Dallas, TX 75240, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bristol Myers Squibb, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990\u20132019: Update from the GBD 2019 Study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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