{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T20:36:44Z","timestamp":1784234204631,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of cold-water immersion (CWI) post-eccentric muscle contraction exercise on skin temperature, pain score, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), muscle damage, and muscle mechanical properties. Methods: Twenty-seven male participants (age 20.6 \u00b1 0.6; body mass 69.4 \u00b1 8.1; body fat % 13.7 \u00b1 4.3) were divided into three treatments: whole-body CWI treatment group (n = 9), lower-body CWI treatment group (n = 9), and control treatment group (n = 9). Results: MVIC did not show a significant interaction effect between group and time but demonstrated a significant main effect for time (p = 0.001). The pain scale demonstrated a significant interaction effect between group and treatment (p = 0.049), in addition to significant main effects for both time and treatment (both p = 0.001). While blood creatine kinase (CK) concentration revealed no significant interaction effect between group and time, a significant main effect was observed for time (p = 0.001). Blood lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration showed both a significant interaction effect between group and time (p = 0.02) and a significant main effect for time (p = 0.001). The tensiomyography (TMG) results for Dm showed a significant interaction effect between group and treatment (p = 0.047), as well as a significant main effect for time (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Lower-body CWI is effective in reducing pain indices and blood LDH levels, a marker of muscle damage. It may serve as an effective method for preventing and minimizing pain and muscle damage, comparable to whole-body CWI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14103287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T09:58:09Z","timestamp":1746698289000},"page":"3287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Whole-Body and Lower-Body Cold-Water Immersion on Exercise-Induced Pain Score, Muscle Damage Indices, and Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jinseok","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Daegu National University of Education, Daegu 42411, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeheon","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Namsu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio & Medical Big-Data (Bk21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"70","article-title":"Physiological Mechanisms and patterns of recovery process in sports","volume":"3","author":"Tuxtaevich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontline Med. 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